{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:15:04Z","timestamp":1767651304191},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Millions of adults worldwide are faced with the task of learning a second language (L2). Understanding the neural mechanisms that support this learning process is an important area of scientific inquiry. However, most previous studies on the neural mechanisms underlying L2 acquisition have focused on characterizing the results of learning, relying upon end-state outcome measures in which learning is assessed after it has occurred, rather than on the learning process itself. In this study, we adopted a novel and more direct approach to investigate neural mechanisms engaged during L2 learning, in which we recorded ERPs from beginning adult learners as they were exposed to an unfamiliar L2 for the first time. Learners' proficiency in the L2 was then assessed behaviorally using a grammaticality judgment task, and ERP data acquired during initial L2 exposure were sorted as a function of performance on this task. High-proficiency learners showed a larger N100 effect to open-class content words compared with closed-class function words, whereas low-proficiency learners did not show a significant N100 difference between open- and closed-class words. In contrast, amplitude of the N400 word category effect correlated with learners' L2 comprehension, rather than predicting syntactic learning. Taken together, these results indicate that learners who spontaneously direct greater attention to open- rather than closed-class words when processing L2 input show better syntactic learning, suggesting a link between selective attention to open-class content words and acquisition of basic morphosyntactic rules. These findings highlight the importance of selective attention mechanisms for L2 acquisition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,26]],"date-time":"2014-03-26T01:41:56Z","timestamp":1395798116000},"page":"2005-2020","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["ERPs Recorded during Early Second Language Exposure Predict Syntactic Learning"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Batterink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Northwestern University"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Oregon"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000583276700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20058","article-title":"On-line assessment of statistical learning by event-related potentials.","volume":"20","author":"Abla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2009.02.013","article-title":"Visual statistical learning of shape sequences: An ERP study.","volume":"64","author":"Abla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.01.015","article-title":"Listeners modulate temporally selective attention during natural speech processing.","volume":"80","author":"Astheimer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.08.014","article-title":"Predictability affects early perceptual processing of word onsets in continuous speech.","volume":"49","author":"Astheimer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00013","article-title":"Implicit and explicit mechanisms of word learning in a narrative context: An event-related potential study.","volume":"23","author":"Batterink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00354","article-title":"Implicit and explicit second language training recruit common neural mechanisms for syntactic processing.","volume":"25","author":"Batterink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1992.4.2.132","article-title":"An event-related potential (ERP) analysis of semantic congruity and repetition effects in sentences.","volume":"4","author":"Besson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563382","article-title":"Electrophysiological signatures of visual lexical processing: Open- and closed-class words.","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000177008.98860.69","article-title":"ERP correlates of lexical analysis: N280 reflects processing complexity rather than category or frequency effects.","volume":"16","author":"Brunelliere","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R12","first-page":"83","article-title":"Twenty-five years of research in foreign language aptitude.","volume-title":"Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude","author":"Carroll","year":"1981"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.069","article-title":"Time course and functional neuroanatomy of speech segmentation in adults.","volume":"48","author":"Cunillera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.09.046","article-title":"The effects of stress and statistical cues on continuous speech segmentation: An event-related brain potential study.","volume":"1123","author":"Cunillera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.21031","article-title":"An event-related potential study on changes of violation and error responses during morphosyntactic learning.","volume":"21","author":"Davidson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2011.21636","article-title":"Brain dynamics sustaining rapid rule extraction from speech.","volume":"23","author":"de Diego Balaguer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1175","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001175","article-title":"Different neurophysiological mechanisms underlying word and rule extraction from speech.","volume":"11","author":"de Diego Balaguer","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R20","volume-title":"The psychology of the language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition.","author":"Dornyei","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470757000.ch21","article-title":"Individual differences in second language learning.","volume-title":"Handbook of applied linguistics","author":"Ellis","year":"2004"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01647","article-title":"Action video game modifies visual attention.","volume":"423","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R23","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Effects of action video games on the spatial distribution of visuospatial attention.","volume":"32","author":"Green","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903322370807","article-title":"Interplay between syntax and semantics during sentence comprehension: ERP effects of combining syntactic and semantic violations.","volume":"15","author":"Hagoort","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90222-9","article-title":"Endogenous brain potentials associated with selective auditory attention.","volume":"49","author":"Hansen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4108.177","article-title":"Electrical signs of selective attention in the human brain.","volume":"182","author":"Hillyard","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(78)90002-9","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials and selective attention to acoustic and phonetic cues.","volume":"6","author":"Hink","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(89)90003-0","article-title":"Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second langauge.","volume":"21","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(84)90007-0","article-title":"\u201cP300\u201d and memory: Individual differences in the Von Restorff effect.","volume":"16","author":"Karis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.11.007","article-title":"The neural correlates of statistical learning in a word segmentation task: An fMRI study.","volume":"127","author":"Karuza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R33","first-page":"155","article-title":"Predictive analysis and over-the-top parsing.","volume-title":"Syntax and semantics","author":"Kimball","year":"1975"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R34","first-page":"190","article-title":"A look around at what lies ahead: Prediction and predictability in language processing.","volume-title":"Predictions in the brain: Using our past to generate a future","author":"Kutas","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7350657","article-title":"Reading senseless sentences: Brain potentials reflect semantic incongruity.","volume":"207","author":"Kutas","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/307161a0","article-title":"Brain potentials during reading reflect word expectancy and semantic association.","volume":"307","author":"Kutas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2532","article-title":"A cortical network for semantics: (De)constructing the N400.","volume":"9","author":"Lau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/0023-8333.00017","article-title":"Attention, awareness, and foreign language behavior.","volume":"47","author":"Leow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Language Learning"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400010626","article-title":"Toward operationalizing the process of attention in SLA: Evidence for Tomlin and Villa's (1994) fine-grained analysis of attention.","volume":"19","author":"Leow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Applied Psycholinguistics"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-1770.2001.tb00016.x","article-title":"Attention, awareness, and foreign language behavior.","volume":"51","author":"Leow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Language Learning"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R43","first-page":"179","article-title":"Attention and awareness in SLA.","volume-title":"Mind and context in adult second language acquisition: Methods, theory, and practice","author":"Leow","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R44","first-page":"53","article-title":"Individual differences in second language learning.","volume-title":"How languages are learned","author":"Lightbown","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01545-X","article-title":"Event-related potential studies of attention.","volume":"4","author":"Luck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1264","article-title":"Neural correlates of second-language word learning: Minimal instruction produces rapid change.","volume":"7","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2010.00604.x","article-title":"Brain potentials reveal discrete stages of L2 grammatical learning.","volume":"60","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Language Learning"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl094","article-title":"Watching the brain during meaning acquisition.","volume":"17","author":"Mestres-Misse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02073.x","article-title":"An event-related potential study of semantic congruity and repetition in a sentence-reading task: Effects of context change.","volume":"30","author":"Mitchell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929055002463","article-title":"Native and nonnative speakers' processing of a miniature version of Japanese as revealed by ERPs.","volume":"17","author":"Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00095-6","article-title":"Differences in brain potentials to open and closed-class words: Class and frequency effects.","volume":"39","author":"Munte","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(86)90022-7","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials during initial encoding and recognition memory of congruous and incongruous words.","volume":"25","author":"Neville","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/2.3.244","article-title":"Fractionating language: Different neural subsystems with different sensitive periods.","volume":"2","author":"Neville","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0911-6044(01)00036-7","article-title":"Words in the brain: Lexical determinants of word-induced brain activity.","volume":"15","author":"Osterhout","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(97)05250-2","article-title":"Brain potentials elicited by words: Word length and frequency predict the latency of an early negativity.","volume":"46","author":"Osterhout","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R56","first-page":"786","article-title":"Brain potentials elicited by garden-path sentences: Evidence of the application of verb information during parsing.","volume":"20","author":"Osterhout","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2008.01.001","article-title":"Second-language learning and changes in the brain.","volume":"21","author":"Osterhout","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R58","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Recall and stem-completion priming have different electrophysiological correlates and are modified differentially by directed forgetting.","volume":"16","author":"Paller","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90124-6","article-title":"Neural correlates of encoding in an incidental learning paradigm.","volume":"67","author":"Paller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(88)90023-3","article-title":"ERPs predictive of subsequent recall and recognition performance.","volume":"26","author":"Paller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R61","volume-title":"Consciousness, rules, and instructed second language acquisition.","author":"Robinson","year":"1996"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R62","first-page":"247","article-title":"Attention and awareness in second language acquisition.","volume-title":"The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition","author":"Robinson","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(01)00002-7","article-title":"Auditory memory in congenitally blind adults: A behavioral-electrophysiological investigation.","volume":"11","author":"R\u00f6der","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506897102","article-title":"Training, maturation and genetic influences on the development of executive attention.","volume":"102","author":"Rueda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/nn873","article-title":"Segmenting nonsense: An event-related potential index of perceived onsets in continuous speech.","volume":"5","author":"Sanders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/applin\/11.2.129","article-title":"The role of consciousness in second language learning.","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139524780.003","article-title":"Attention.","volume-title":"Cognition and second language instruction","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1162\/08989290260045828","article-title":"Perceptual priming versus explicit memory: Dissociable neural correlates at encoding.","volume":"14","author":"Schott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R71","first-page":"85","article-title":"Individual differences in second language acquisition.","volume-title":"Tutorials in bilingualism","author":"Segalowitz","year":"1997"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1075\/lllt.2.06ske","article-title":"Theorising and updating aptitude.","volume-title":"Individual differences and instructed language learning","author":"Skehan","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.108","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of selective auditory attention are enhanced by computerized training: Electrophysiological evidence from language-impaired and typically developing children.","volume":"1205","author":"Stevens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219411417877","article-title":"Examining the role of attention and instruction in at-risk kindergarteners: Electrophysiological measures of selective auditory attention before and after an early literacy intervention.","volume":"46","author":"Stevens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17152","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707678104","article-title":"Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation.","volume":"104","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R77","first-page":"287","article-title":"Attention in cognitive science and second language acquisition.","volume":"12","author":"Tomlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Studies in Second Language"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197127","article-title":"Interactions between sentence context and word frequency in event-related brain potentials.","volume":"18","author":"Van Petten","year":"1990","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.2.131","article-title":"Fractionating the word repetition effect with event-related potentials.","volume":"3","author":"Van Petten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206080","article-title":"Visual evoked potentials and selective attention to points in space.","volume":"22","author":"van Voorhis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Perception and Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R81","volume-title":"Input processing and grammar instruction: Theory and research.","author":"VanPatten","year":"1996"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410610195","article-title":"Input processing in second language acquisition.","volume-title":"Procesing instruction: Theory, research, and commentary","author":"VanPatten","year":"2004"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R83","first-page":"115","article-title":"Input procesing in adult second language acquisition.","volume-title":"Theories in second language acquisition","author":"VanPatten","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2001\/104)","article-title":"Sensitive periods differentiate processing of open- and closed-class words: An ERP study of bilinguals.","volume":"44","author":"Weber-Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"2021073000583276700_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1996.8.3.231","article-title":"Maturational constraints on functional specializations for language processing: ERP and behavioral evidence in bilingual speakers.","volume":"8","author":"Weber-Fox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/9\/2005\/1947761\/jocn_a_00618.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/26\/9\/2005\/1947761\/jocn_a_00618.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T01:31:04Z","timestamp":1627608664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/26\/9\/2005\/28266\/ERPs-Recorded-during-Early-Second-Language"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00618","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]}}}