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Here, we follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T16:01:27Z","timestamp":1417449687000},"page":"308-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Janosch","family":"Linkersd\u00f6rfer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"2German Institute for International Educational Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Jurcoane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"3Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"2German Institute for International Educational Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Hasselhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"2German Institute for International Educational Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"3Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Fiebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"3Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"4Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Lonnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"2German Institute for International Educational Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040415314320900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.001","article-title":"Gray matter atrophy rate as a marker of disease progression in 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