{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T17:00:05Z","timestamp":1773334805209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Previous studies suggest that both motivation and task difficulty expectations activate brain regions associated with cognitive control. However, it remains an open question whether motivational and cognitive determinants of control have similar or dissociable impacts on conflict processing on a neural level. The current study tested the effects of motivation and conflict expectancy on activity in regions related to processing of the target and the distractor information. Participants performed a picture\u2013word interference task in which we manipulated the size of performance-dependent monetary rewards (level of motivation) and the ratio of congruent to incongruent trials within a block (level of conflict expectancy). Our results suggest that motivation improves conflict processing by facilitating task-relevant stimulus processing and task difficulty expectations mainly modulate the processing of distractor information. We conclude that motivation and conflict expectancy engage dissociable control strategies during conflict resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T16:01:27Z","timestamp":1417449687000},"page":"409-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Dissociable Effects of Motivation and Expectancy on Conflict Processing: An fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Soutschek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"},{"name":"2Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"},{"name":"3Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Stelzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"},{"name":"3Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging"},{"name":"4Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Charit\u00e9 Berlin"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Paschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"},{"name":"3Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging"},{"name":"4Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Charit\u00e9 Berlin"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging"},{"name":"4Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Charit\u00e9 Berlin"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040415314294300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00163","article-title":"Striatal dopamine and the interface between motivation and cognition.","volume":"2","author":"Aarts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2921","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor.","volume":"14","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4845-10.2011","article-title":"Task-load-dependent activation of dopaminergic midbrain areas in the absence of reward.","volume":"31","author":"Boehler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.7.4.356","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and decision making: Reconciling two perspectives on anterior cingulate function.","volume":"7","author":"Botvinick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control.","volume":"108","author":"Botvinick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.010","article-title":"The variable nature of cognitive control: A dual mechanisms framework.","volume":"16","author":"Braver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00367","article-title":"In support of a distinction between voluntary and stimulus-driven control: A review of the literature on proportion congruent effects.","volume":"3","author":"Bugg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2022040415314294300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.36.8.1484","article-title":"Multiple levels of control in the Stroop task. 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