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However, there are interesting individual differences in outcome: When comparing individuals of similar age, those who engage in regular physical activity are less affected by the typical age-related decline in cognitive function. This study used multiscale entropy to reveal a shift in the way the brain processes information in older adults that is related to physical activity. Specifically, older adults who were more physically active engaged in more local neural information processing. Interestingly, this shift toward local information processing was also associated with improved executive function performance in older adults, suggesting that physical activity may help to improve aspects of cognitive function in older adults by biasing the neural system toward local information processing. In the face of age-related structural decline, the neural plasticity that is enhanced through physical activity may help older adults maintain cognitive health longer into their lifespan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,22]],"date-time":"2014-09-22T13:09:40Z","timestamp":1411391380000},"page":"605-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Age-related Shift in Neural Complexity Related to Task Performance and Physical Activity"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Heisz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000595425100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2003.03.001","article-title":"Age-related myelin breakdown: A developmental model of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"25","author":"Bartzokis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(70)80059-7","article-title":"Positive forgetting: The noninterference of items intentionally forgotten.","volume":"9","author":"Bjork","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/13854048908403285","article-title":"Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the National Adult Reading Test.","volume":"3","author":"Blair","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1280","article-title":"Aging gracefully: Compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults.","volume":"17","author":"Cabeza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg133","article-title":"Task-independent and task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval.","volume":"14","author":"Cabeza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R6","article-title":"Physical fitness and sociocognitive engagement are associated with different aspects of cognition in older adults.","author":"Clark","year":"","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.t01-1-01430","article-title":"Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study.","volume":"14","author":"Colcombe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400266101","article-title":"Cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging.","volume":"101","author":"Colcombe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021906","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.021906","article-title":"Multiscale entropy analysis of biological signals.","volume":"71","author":"Costa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02143-4","article-title":"Exercise: A behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity.","volume":"25","author":"Cotman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2021073000595425100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm155","article-title":"Que PASA? 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