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These effects were mirrored in fMRI recordings where activation in several ventral posterior areas exhibited a similar interaction between match type and structural similarity. Our findings provide direct support for the notion that structural similarity exerts opposing effects on classification depending on whether objects are to be perceptually differentiated or categorized\u2014a notion that has been based on rather circumstantial evidence. In particular, the finding that structural similarity plays a major role in categorization of instances according to taxonomy challenges the view that the organization of superordinate categories is not driven by shared structural features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T19:33:53Z","timestamp":1415820833000},"page":"974-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Structural Similarity Exerts Opposing Effects on Perceptual Differentiation and Categorization: An fMRI Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Southern Denmark"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Medical University of South Carolina"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Medical University of South Carolina"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000494895900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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