{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:44:54Z","timestamp":1773420294976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>It is not clear how the engagement of motor mnemonic processes is expressed in online brain activity. We scanned participants, using fMRI, during the paced performance of a finger-to-thumb opposition sequence (FOS), intensively trained a day earlier (T-FOS), and a similarly constructed, but novel, untrained FOS (U-FOS). Both movement sequences were performed in pairs of blocks separated by a brief rest interval (30 sec). We have recently shown that in the primary motor cortex (M1) motor memory was not expressed in the average signal intensity but rather in the across-block signal modulations, that is, when comparing the first to the second performance block across the brief rest interval. Here, using an M1 seed, we show that for the T-FOS, the M1\u2013striatum functional connectivity decreased across blocks; however, for the U-FOS, connectivity within the M1 and between M1 and striatum increased. In addition, in M1, the pattern of within-block signal change, but not signal variability per se, reliably differentiated the two sequences. Only for the U-FOS and only within the first blocks in each pair, the signal significantly decreased. No such modulation was found within the second corresponding blocks following the brief rest interval in either FOS. We propose that a network including M1 and striatum underlies online motor working memory. This network may promote a transient integrated representation of a new movement sequence and readily retrieves a previously established movement sequence representation. Averaging over single events or blocks may not capture the dynamics of motor representations that occur over multiple timescales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T19:33:53Z","timestamp":1415820833000},"page":"736-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Patterns of Modulation in the Activity and Connectivity of Motor Cortex during the Repeated Generation of Movement Sequences"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ella","family":"Gabitov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Manor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"2C. Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Karni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"2C. Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000511701000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.04.028","article-title":"The resting human brain and motor learning.","volume":"19","author":"Albert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Biology,"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0746","article-title":"Modeling geometric deformations in EPI time series.","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00394","article-title":"Effects of working memory demand on neural mechanisms of motor response selection and control.","volume":"25","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00957.2003","article-title":"Neuronal activity in motor cortical areas reflects the sequential context of movement.","volume":"91","author":"Ben-Shaul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm159","article-title":"Dorsal premotor cortex exerts state-dependent causal influences on activity in contralateral primary motor and dorsal premotor cortex.","volume":"18","author":"Bestmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2006.03.005","article-title":"The role of ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action understanding.","volume":"99","author":"Binkofski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology Paris"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R7","unstructured":"Brett, M., \n            \n              Anton, J.-L., \n            \n              Valabregue, R., & \n            \n              Poline, J.-B.\n           (2002). Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox [abstract]. Presented at the 8th International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain, June 2\u20136, 2002, Sendai, Japan. Available on CD-ROM in Neuroimage, Vol 16."},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R8","first-page":"330","article-title":"Remarques sur le si\u00e8ge de la facult\u00e9 du langage articul\u00e9; suivies d'une observation d'aph\u00e9mie, 1861.","volume":"2","author":"Broca","year":"1861","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anatomique (Paris)"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01038.2003","article-title":"Enhancing encoding of a motor memory in the primary motor cortex by cortical stimulation.","volume":"91","author":"B\u00fctefisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000511701000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5408.1752","article-title":"Motor cortical encoding of serial order in a context-recall 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