{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:42:10Z","timestamp":1771072930889,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sound waves emitted by two or more simultaneous sources reach the ear as one complex waveform. Auditory scene analysis involves parsing a complex waveform into separate perceptual representations of the sound sources [Bregman, A. S. Auditory scene analysis: The perceptual organization of sounds. London: MIT Press, 1990]. Harmonicity provides an important cue for auditory scene analysis. Normally, harmonics at integer multiples of a fundamental frequency are perceived as one sound with a pitch corresponding to the fundamental frequency. However, when one harmonic in such a complex, pitch-evoking sound is sufficiently mistuned, that harmonic emerges from the complex tone and is perceived as a separate auditory object. Previous work has shown that the percept of two objects is indexed in both children and adults by the object-related negativity component of the ERP derived from EEG recordings [Alain, C., Arnott, S. T., &amp; Picton, T. W. Bottom\u2013up and top\u2013down influences on auditory scene analysis: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 1072\u20131089, 2001]. Here we examine the emergence of object-related responses to an 8% harmonic mistuning in infants between 2 and 12 months of age. Two-month-old infants showed no significant object-related response. However, in 4- to 12-month-old infants, a significant frontally positive component was present, and by 8\u201312 months, a significant frontocentral object-related negativity was present, similar to that seen in older children and adults. This is in accordance with previous research demonstrating that infants younger than 4 months of age do not integrate harmonic information to perceive pitch when the fundamental is missing [He, C., Hotson, L., &amp; Trainor, L. J. Maturation of cortical mismatch mismatch responses to occasional pitch change in early infancy: Effects of presentation rate and magnitude of change. Neuropsychologia, 47, 218\u2013229, 2009]. The results indicate that the ability to use harmonic information to segregate simultaneous sounds emerges at the cortical level between 2 and 4 months of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T16:01:27Z","timestamp":1417449687000},"page":"1060-1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Cortical Representations Sensitive to the Number of Perceived Auditory Objects Emerge between 2 and 4 Months of Age: Electrophysiological Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Folland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Blake E.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurel J.","family":"Trainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000495675700_R1","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Bottom\u2013up and top\u2013down influences on auditory scene analysis: Evidence from event-related brain potentials","volume":"27","author":"Alain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073000495675700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903770007443","article-title":"Effects of attentional load on auditory scene analysis","volume":"15","author":"Alain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000495675700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5433-06.2007","article-title":"Age-related differences in neuromagnetic brain activity underlying concurrent sound perception","volume":"27","author":"Alain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000495675700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1367243","article-title":"Age-related changes in detecting a mistuned harmonic","volume":"109","author":"Alain","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2021073000495675700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00275-6","article-title":"Developmental changes in distinguishing concurrent auditory objects","volume":"16","author":"Alain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000495675700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1486.001.0001","volume-title":"Auditory scene analysis: The perceptual organization of 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