{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T07:52:05Z","timestamp":1760255525758},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The anterior intraparietal area (AIP) of macaques contains neurons that signal the depth structure of disparity-defined 3-D shapes. Previous studies have suggested that AIP's depth information is used for sensorimotor transformations related to the efficient grasping of 3-D objects. We trained monkeys to categorize disparity-defined 3-D shapes and examined whether neuronal activity in AIP may also underlie pure perceptual categorization behavior. We first show that neurons with a similar 3-D shape preference cluster in AIP. We then demonstrate that the monkeys' 3-D shape discrimination performance depends on the position in depth of the stimulus and that this performance difference is reflected in the activity of AIP neurons. We further reveal correlations between the neuronal activity in AIP and the subject's subsequent choices and RTs during 3-D shape categorization. Our findings propose AIP as an important processing stage for 3-D shape perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,16]],"date-time":"2014-12-16T15:16:02Z","timestamp":1418742962000},"page":"1104-1115","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Choice-related Activity in the Anterior Intraparietal Area during 3-D Structure Categorization"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Bram-Ernst","family":"Verhoef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1KU Leuven"},{"name":"2Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Michelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rufin","family":"Vogels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1KU Leuven"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073001021742300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.04.006","article-title":"Neural computations underlying depth perception","volume":"20","author":"Anzai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01676.2001","article-title":"Correlated firing in macaque visual area MT: Time scales and relationship to behavior","volume":"21","author":"Bair","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380000715X","article-title":"A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT","volume":"13","author":"Britten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/259","article-title":"Electrical microstimulation of cortical area MST biases heading perception in monkeys","volume":"1","author":"Britten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04109.1994","article-title":"Neuronal and psychophysical sensitivity to motion signals in extrastriate area MST of the macaque monkey","volume":"14","author":"Celebrini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01074.2006","article-title":"Neural correlates of disparity-defined shape discrimination in the human brain","volume":"97","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2439","article-title":"Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6635","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5179-08.2009","article-title":"Estimates of the contribution of single neurons to perception depend on timescale and noise correlation","volume":"29","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/nn924","article-title":"Dynamics of neuronal responses in macaque MT and VIP during motion detection","volume":"5","author":"Cook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/29299","article-title":"Cortical area MT and the perception of stereoscopic depth","volume":"394","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1094","article-title":"Microstimulation of visual cortex affects the speed of perceptual decisions","volume":"6","author":"Ditterich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.06.040","article-title":"Anterior regions of monkey parietal cortex process visual 3D shape","volume":"55","author":"Durand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.1.625","article-title":"Disparity sensitivity of frontal eye field neurons","volume":"83","author":"Ferraina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4753-08.2009","article-title":"The processing of three-dimensional shape from disparity in the human brain","volume":"29","author":"Georgieva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1935","article-title":"A functional link between area MSTd and heading perception based on vestibular signals","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.04.026","article-title":"Decoding of MSTd population activity accounts for variations in the precision of heading perception","volume":"66","author":"Gu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3309","article-title":"Inferring decoding strategies from choice probabilities in the presence of correlated variability","volume":"16","author":"Haefner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1683","article-title":"Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task","volume":"9","author":"Hanks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8217","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8217","article-title":"Macaque inferior temporal neurons are selective for disparity-defined three-dimensional shapes","volume":"96","author":"Janssen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5473.2054","article-title":"Selectivity for 3D shape that reveals distinct areas within macaque inferior temporal cortex","volume":"288","author":"Janssen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.043","article-title":"The monkey ventral premotor cortex processes 3D shape from disparity","volume":"47","author":"Joly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00471.2012","article-title":"Potential confounds in estimating trial-to-trial correlations between neuronal response and behavior using choice probabilities","volume":"108","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5106-04.2005","article-title":"Stimulus dependence of neuronal correlation in primary visual cortex of the macaque","volume":"25","author":"Kohn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1493-14.2014","article-title":"Feature-specific clusters of neurons and decision-related neuronal activity","volume":"34","author":"Mayo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01068.2004","article-title":"A stereoscopic look at visual cortex","volume":"93","author":"Neri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7117","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-18-07117.2003","article-title":"Disparity-based coding of three-dimensional surface orientation by macaque middle temporal neurons","volume":"23","author":"Nguyenkim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150403","article-title":"Decision-related activity in sensory neurons: Correlations among neurons and with behavior","volume":"35","author":"Nienborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2340-13.2014","article-title":"Decision-related activity in sensory neurons may depend on the columnar architecture of cerebral cortex","volume":"34","author":"Nienborg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2131","article-title":"Binocular depth perception and the cerebral cortex","volume":"8","author":"Parker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11315","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2728-08.2008","article-title":"Multivoxel pattern selectivity for perceptually relevant binocular disparities in the human brain","volume":"28","author":"Preston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14036","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2336-10.2010","article-title":"Timescales of sensory- and decision-related activity in the middle temporal and medial superior temporal areas","volume":"30","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020311","article-title":"Neurally constrained modeling of perceptual decision making","volume":"117","author":"Purcell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1373","article-title":"Neural population code for fine perceptual decisions in area MT","volume":"8","author":"Purushothaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08135.x","article-title":"Responses to two-dimensional shapes in the macaque anterior intraparietal area","volume":"36","author":"Romero","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/346174a0","article-title":"Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction","volume":"346","author":"Salzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01486.1996","article-title":"A computational analysis of the relationship between neuronal and behavioral responses to visual motion","volume":"16","author":"Shadlen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5083-11.2012","article-title":"Neural activity in cortical area V4 underlies fine disparity discrimination","volume":"32","author":"Shiozaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10613","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6016-08.2009","article-title":"A distinct representation of three-dimensional shape in macaque anterior intraparietal area: Fast, metric, and coarse","volume":"29","author":"Srivastava","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3016","article-title":"Preferential encoding of visual categories in parietal cortex compared with prefrontal cortex","volume":"15","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12038","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1790-12.2012","article-title":"Selectivity for three-dimensional shape and grasping-related activity in the macaque ventral premotor cortex","volume":"32","author":"Theys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00248.2011","article-title":"Selectivity for three-dimensional contours and surfaces in the anterior intraparietal area","volume":"107","author":"Theys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00459-8","article-title":"Stereopsis activates V3A and caudal intraparietal areas in macaques and humans","volume":"39","author":"Tsao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.6.2856","article-title":"Integration of perspective and disparity cues in surface-orientation-selective neurons of area CIP","volume":"86","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00186-2","article-title":"Contribution of area MT to stereoscopic depth perception: Choice-related response modulations reflect task strategy","volume":"42","author":"Uka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5435-05.2006","article-title":"Linking neural representation to function in stereoscopic depth perception: Roles of the middle temporal area in coarse versus fine disparity discrimination","volume":"26","author":"Uka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10796","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1637-05.2005","article-title":"Neural correlates of fine depth discrimination in monkey inferior temporal cortex","volume":"25","author":"Uka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.03.058","article-title":"Contribution of inferior temporal and posterior parietal activity to three-dimensional shape perception","volume":"20","author":"Verhoef","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00924.2010","article-title":"Synchronization between the end stages of the dorsal and the ventral visual stream","volume":"105","author":"Verhoef","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.10.031","article-title":"Inferotemporal cortex subserves three-dimensional structure categorization","volume":"73","author":"Verhoef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2202","article-title":"A neural code for three-dimensional object shape in macaque inferotemporal cortex","volume":"11","author":"Yamane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073001021742300_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/370140a0","article-title":"Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance","volume":"370","author":"Zohary","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/27\/6\/1104\/1949327\/jocn_a_00773.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/27\/6\/1104\/1949327\/jocn_a_00773.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T01:40:17Z","timestamp":1627609217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/27\/6\/1104\/28315\/Choice-related-Activity-in-the-Anterior"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00773","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}}}