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We examined these possibilities in three conditions of a task-switching paradigm, varying in whether task cues were available before or after target onset. RTs, ERPs, and pupil dilation showed that 5-year-olds did engage in advance preparation, a critical aspect of proactive control, but only when reactive control was made more difficult, whereas 10-year-olds engaged in proactive control whenever possible. These findings highlight metacognitive processes in children's cognitive control, an understudied aspect of executive control development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T09:02:38Z","timestamp":1421744558000},"page":"1125-1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Metacognitive Processes in Executive Control Development: The Case of Reactive and Proactive Control"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaina Bailey","family":"Martis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Colorado at 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