{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:58:48Z","timestamp":1760299128724},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neuropsychological research investigating mental grammar and lexicon has largely been based on the processing of regular and irregular inflection. Past tense inflection of regular verbs is assumed to be generated by a syntactic rule (e.g., show-ed), whereas irregular verbs consist of rather unsystematic alternations (e.g., caught) represented as lexical entries. Recent morphological accounts, however, hold that irregular inflection is not entirely rule-free but relies on morphological principles. These subregularities are computed by the syntactic system. We tested this latter hypothesis by examining alternations of irregular German verbs as well as pseudowords using ERPs. Participants read series of irregular verb inflection including present tense, past participle, and past tense forms embedded in minimal syntactic contexts. The critical past tense form was correct (e.g., er sang [he sang]) or incorrect by being either partially consistent (e.g., *er sung [*he sung]) or inconsistent (e.g., *er sing [*he sing]) with the proposed morphological principles. Correspondingly, in a second experimental block, pseudowords (e.g., tang\/*tung\/*ting) were presented. ERPs for real words revealed a biphasic ERP pattern consisting of a negativity and P600 for both incorrect forms in comparison to the correct equivalents. Most interestingly, the P600 amplitude for the incorrect forms was gradually modulated by the type of anomaly with medium amplitude for consistent past tense forms and largest amplitude for inconsistent past tense forms. ERPs for pseudoword past tense forms showed a similar gradual modulation of N400. The findings support the assumption that irregular verbs are processed by rule-based mechanisms because of subregularities of their past tense inflection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T13:15:31Z","timestamp":1429708531000},"page":"1870-1885","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Past Tense Debate Revisited: Electrophysiological Evidence for Subregularities of Irregular Verb Inflection"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Regel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Leipzig"}]},{"given":"Gereon","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Leipzig"}]},{"given":"Angela D.","family":"Friederici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000534774600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960244000054","article-title":"Morphological analysis in sentence processing: An ERP study","volume":"18","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511586262","volume-title":"Amorphous morphology","author":"Anderson","year":"1992"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R3","first-page":"239","article-title":"Syntactic features in morphology: General problems of so-called pronominal inflection in German","volume-title":"To honor Roman Jakobson","author":"Bierwisch","year":"1967"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00985214","article-title":"Syncretism and paradigmatic opposition","volume":"18","author":"Blevins","year":"1995","journal-title":"Linguistics and Philosophy"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9069.001.0001","volume-title":"Universals in comparativ morphology: Suppletion, superlatives, and the structure of words","author":"Bobaljik","year":"2012"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002228","article-title":"Lexical entries and rules of language: A multidisciplinary study of German inflection","volume":"22","author":"Clahsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/016909698386582","article-title":"Expect the unexpected: Event-related brain response to morphosyntactic violations","volume":"13","author":"Coulson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2010.03.003","article-title":"Tracking lexical and syntactic processes of verb morphology with ERP","volume":"23","author":"de Vega","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1504","article-title":"Probalistic word pre-activation during language comprehension inferred from electrical brain activity","volume":"8","author":"DeLong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2004.00193.x","article-title":"Parsing the late positive complex: Mental chronometry and the ERP components that inhabit the neighborhood of the P300","volume":"41","author":"Dien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"volume-title":"Duden: Die deutsche Rechtschreibung","year":"2006","author":"Dudenredaktion","key":"2021073000534774600_R11"},{"volume-title":"Grundriss der deutschen Grammatik","year":"2000","author":"Eisenberg","key":"2021073000534774600_R12"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R13","first-page":"193","article-title":"Zur Klassifizierung der starken Verben im Neuhochdeutschen","volume":"5","author":"Fabricius-Hansen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Deutsche Sprache"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R14","first-page":"207","article-title":"Syncretism, impoverishment, and the structure of person","volume-title":"Papers from the Chicago Linguistics Society Meeting","author":"Frampton","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01839-8","article-title":"Towards a neural basis of auditory sentence processing","volume":"6","author":"Friederici","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.2000.2709","article-title":"Verb argument structure processing: The role of verb-specific and argument-specific information","volume":"43","author":"Friederici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.057","article-title":"The brain knows the difference: Two types of grammatical violations","volume":"1000","author":"Friederici","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6410(93)90026-2","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: Effects of semantic, morphological and syntactic violations","volume":"1","author":"Friederici","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00971-3","article-title":"Human brain potentials to violations in morphologically complex Italian words","volume":"241","author":"Gross","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900562336","article-title":"Syntactic gender and semantic expectancy: ERPs reveal early autonomy and late interaction","volume":"12","author":"Gunter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903322370807","article-title":"Interplay between syntax and semantics during sentence comprehension: ERP effects of combining syntactic and semantic violations","volume":"15","author":"Hagoort","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/01690969308407585","article-title":"The syntactic positive shift as an ERP measure of syntactic processing","volume":"8","author":"Hagoort","year":"1993","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00208-2","article-title":"Syntax-related ERP-effects in Dutch","volume":"16","author":"Hagoort","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1162\/089892906775250067","article-title":"Morphological processing in a second language: Behavioral and event-related brain potential evidence for storage and decomposition","volume":"18","author":"Hahne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R25","first-page":"111","article-title":"Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection","volume-title":"The view from building 20: Essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger","author":"Halle","year":"1993"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20083","article-title":"Speeding up syntax: On the relative timing and automaticity of local phrase structure and morphosyntactic processing as reflected in event-related brain potentials","volume":"20","author":"Hasting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7592","article-title":"Impairments in verb morphology after brain injury: A connectionist model","volume":"96","author":"Joanisse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.5.3.282","article-title":"Imaging the past: Neural activation in frontal and temporal regions during regular and irregular past-tense processing","volume":"5","author":"Joanisse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01947-2","article-title":"The brain circuitry of syntactic comprehension","volume":"6","author":"Kaan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.131123","article-title":"Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP)","volume":"62","author":"Kutas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196991","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials to grammatical errors and semantic anomalies","volume":"11","author":"Kutas","year":"1983","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2009.06.004","article-title":"A beautiful day in the neighborhood: An event-related potential study of lexical relationships and prediction in context","volume":"61","author":"Laszlo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.02.026","article-title":"Recognition of morphologically complex words in Finnish: Evidence from event-related potentials","volume":"1148","author":"Lehtonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.04.049","article-title":"Event-related potential (ERP) responses to violations of inflectional and derivational rules of Finnish","volume":"1218","author":"Leinonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2005.08.008","article-title":"Stem allomorphy in the Spanish mental lexicon: Evidence from behavioral and ERP experiments","volume":"97","author":"Linares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.01.030","article-title":"Brain potentials to morphologically complex words during listening","volume":"1077","author":"L\u00fcck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"volume-title":"The Germanic strong verbs. Foundations and development of a new system","year":"2008","author":"Mailhammer","key":"2021073000534774600_R37"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01239-X","article-title":"Rules, representations, and the English past tense","volume":"2","author":"Marslen-Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2091","article-title":"Morphology, language and the brain: The decompositional substrate for language comprehension","volume":"362","author":"Marslen-Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.021","article-title":"Event-related potentials to violations of inflectional verb morphology in English","volume":"25","author":"Morris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R41","first-page":"183","article-title":"Subanalyse verbaler Flexionsmarker","volume-title":"Grammatische Untersuchungen","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2006"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.3.335","article-title":"Dissociation of brain activity related to syntactic and semantic aspects of language","volume":"5","author":"M\u00fcnte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.3.318","article-title":"Brain activity associated with syntactic incongruencies in words and pseudo-words","volume":"9","author":"M\u00fcnte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(98)00028-7","article-title":"Decomposition of morphologically complex words in English: Evidence from event-related brain potentials","volume":"7","author":"M\u00fcnte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.2.151","article-title":"Syntactically based sentence processing classes: Evidence from event-related brain potentials","volume":"3","author":"Neville","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.007","article-title":"An ERP study of regular and irregular English past tense inflection","volume":"34","author":"Newman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2013.0033","article-title":"Neurophysiological evidence for morphological underspecification in German strong adjective inflection","volume":"89","author":"Opitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.03.071","article-title":"Morphological agreement at a distance: Dissociation between early and late components of the event-related potential","volume":"1392","author":"O'Rourke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/016909699386356","article-title":"A superficial resemblance does not necessarily mean you are part of the family: Counterarguments to Coulson, King and Kutas (1998) in the P600\/SPS-P300 debate","volume":"14","author":"Osterhout","year":"1999","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-596X(92)90039-Z","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly","volume":"31","author":"Osterhout","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1006\/brln.2001.2526","article-title":"German noun plurals: A challenge to the dual-mechanism model","volume":"81","author":"Penke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(97)00012-8","article-title":"How the brain processes complex words: An event-related potential study of German verb inflections","volume":"6","author":"Penke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"volume-title":"Words and rules: The ingredients of language","year":"1999","author":"Pinker","key":"2021073000534774600_R53"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.10.077","article-title":"The communicative style of a speaker can affect language comprehension? ERP evidence from the comprehension of irony","volume":"1311","author":"Regel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21411","article-title":"Isn't it ironic? An electrophysiological exploration of figurative language processing","volume":"23","author":"Regel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96840","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096840","article-title":"Distinguishing neurocognitive processes reflected by P600 effects: Evidence from ERPs and neural oscillations","volume":"9","author":"Regel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(00)00063-X","article-title":"Event-related brain responses to morphological violations in Catalan","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez-Fornells","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902317361958","article-title":"Morphological priming in Spanish verb forms: An ERP repetition priming study","volume":"14","author":"Rodriguez-Fornells","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.3.345","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials while encountering semantic and syntactic constraint violations","volume":"5","author":"R\u00f6sler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R60","first-page":"47","article-title":"Der Ablaut bei den deutschen starken Verben","volume-title":"Phonologische Studien","author":"Ross","year":"1967"},{"volume-title":"On learning the past tenses of English verbs. Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition","year":"1986","author":"Rumelhart","key":"2021073000534774600_R61"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R62","first-page":"131","article-title":"Modeling morphological processing","volume-title":"Morphological aspects of language processing","author":"Schreuder","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110919745.28","article-title":"A generalized theory of Ablaut: The case of modern German strong verbs","volume-title":"Models of inflection","author":"Segeral","year":"1998"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1075\/ml.1.1.07sto","article-title":"A single route, full decomposition model of morphological complexity: MEG evidence","volume":"1","author":"Stockall","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Mental Lexicon"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511486333","volume-title":"Inflectional morphology","author":"Stump","year":"2001"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/35094573","article-title":"A neurocognitive perspective on language: The declarative\/procedural model","volume":"2","author":"Ullman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.10.008","article-title":"Contributions of memory circuits to language: The declarative\/procedural model","volume":"92","author":"Ullman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.2.266","article-title":"A neural dissociation within language: Evidence the mental dictionary is part of declarative memory, and that grammatical rules are processed by the procedural system","volume":"9","author":"Ullman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00324.x","article-title":"The continuing problem of false positives in repeated measures ANOVA in psychophysiology: A multivariate solution","volume":"24","author":"Vasey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199703030-00028","article-title":"Brain potentials indicate differences between regular and irregular German plurals","volume":"8","author":"Weyerts","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.285.03wie","article-title":"Form and function of verbal ablaut in contemporary standard German","volume-title":"Explorations in integrational linguistics. Four essays on German, French, and Guaran\u00ed","author":"Wiese","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-3716-6_6","article-title":"Minimalist morphology: The role of paradigms","volume-title":"Yearbook of morphology 1995","author":"Wunderlich","year":"1996"},{"key":"2021073000534774600_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1515\/zfsw.1995.14.2.236","article-title":"Minimalist morphology: An approach to inflection","volume":"14","author":"Wunderlich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sprachwissenschaft"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/27\/9\/1870\/1949727\/jocn_a_00818.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/27\/9\/1870\/1949727\/jocn_a_00818.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T21:17:36Z","timestamp":1627593456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/27\/9\/1870\/28405\/The-Past-Tense-Debate-Revisited"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00818","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0898-929X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8898"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}