{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T17:20:37Z","timestamp":1781889637448,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>There is a lively and theoretically important debate about whether, how, and when embodiment contributes to language comprehension. This study addressed these questions by testing how interference with facial action impacts the brain's real-time response to emotional language. Participants read sentences about positive and negative events (e.g., \u201cShe reached inside the pocket of her coat from last winter and found some (cash\/bugs) inside it.\u201d) while ERPs were recorded. Facial action was manipulated within participants by asking participants to hold chopsticks in their mouths using a position that allowed or blocked smiling, as confirmed by EMG. Blocking smiling did not influence ERPs to the valenced words (e.g., cash, bugs) but did influence ERPs to final words of sentences describing positive events. Results show that affectively positive sentences can evoke smiles and that such facial action can facilitate the semantic processing indexed by the N400 component. Overall, this study offers causal evidence that embodiment impacts some aspects of high-level comprehension, presumably involving the construction of the situation model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T16:08:54Z","timestamp":1438790934000},"page":"2269-2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Facial Action and Emotional Language: ERP Evidence that Blocking Facial Feedback Selectively Impairs Sentence Comprehension"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Winkielman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, San Diego"},{"name":"2University of Warwick"},{"name":"3University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seana","family":"Coulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000523907400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.06.003","article-title":"Language as context for the perception of emotion","volume":"11","author":"Barrett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002149","article-title":"Perceptual symbol systems","volume":"22","author":"Barsalou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639","article-title":"Grounded cognition","volume":"59","author":"Barsalou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R4","first-page":"255","article-title":"Mental simulation in literal and figurative language understanding","volume-title":"The literal and nonliteral in language and thought","author":"Bergen","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00133-7","article-title":"Event-related brain potentials differentiate positive from negative mood adjectives during both supralimnal and subliminal visual processing","volume":"42","author":"Bernat","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.3.401","article-title":"Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space\u2014A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates","volume":"115","author":"Cacioppo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.10.054","article-title":"Effects of valence and arousal on written word recognition: Time course and ERP correlates","volume":"533","author":"Citron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748108400805","article-title":"The MRC psycholinguistic database","volume":"33A","author":"Colthart","year":"1981","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327868ms2104_3","article-title":"Constructing meaning","volume":"21","author":"Coulson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Metaphor and Symbol"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073911410740","article-title":"What is meant by calling emotions basic","volume":"2","author":"Ekman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emotion Review"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2009.01023.x","article-title":"On the meaning of words and dinosaur bones: Lexical knowledge without a lexicon","volume":"33","author":"Elman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2021073000523907400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02400.x","article-title":"Language that puts you in touch with your bodily feelings. 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