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We presented scenes composed of natural objects in which one object changed from one presentation to the next. Object changes were either semantically related (e.g., rail car changed to rail) or unrelated (e.g., rail car changed to sausage). Observers were first asked to detect whether any change had occurred and then to judge the semantic relation of the two objects involved in the change. We found a semantic mismatch ERP effect, that is, a more negative-going ERP for semantically unrelated compared to related changes, originating from a cortical network including the left middle temporal gyrus and occipital cortex and resembling the N400 effect, albeit at longer latencies. Importantly, this semantic mismatch effect persisted even when observers were unaware of the change and the semantic relationship of prechange and postchange object. This finding implies that change blindness does not preclude the encoding of the prechange and postchange objects' identities and possibly even the comparison of their semantic content. Thus, change blindness cannot be interpreted as resulting from impoverished or volatile visual representations or as a failure to process the prechange and postchange object. Instead, change detection appears to be limited at a later, postperceptual stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T16:08:54Z","timestamp":1438790934000},"page":"2253-2268","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Semantic Relations between Visual Objects Can Be Unconsciously Processed but Not Reported under Change Blindness"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"2Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Fosco","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"2Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Niko A.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Charit\u00e9 University Medicine, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"2Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073000524835600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1981.324817","article-title":"Location of sources of evoked scalp potentials: Corrections for skull and scalp thicknesses","volume":"28","author":"Ary","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0414-2","article-title":"The scene and the unseen: Manipulating photographs for experiments on change blindness and scene memory","volume":"46","author":"Ball","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(90)90029-N","article-title":"Event-related potentials and the semantic matching of pictures","volume":"14","author":"Barrett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196494","article-title":"Timed picture naming in seven languages","volume":"10","author":"Bates","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/88477","article-title":"Neural correlates of change detection and change blindness","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194575","article-title":"The role of representational volatility in recognizing pre- and postchange objects","volume":"65","author":"Beck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193299","article-title":"The roles of encoding, retrieval, and awareness in change detection","volume":"35","author":"Beck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196330","article-title":"Volatile visual representations: Failing to detect changes in recently processed information","volume":"9","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073000524835600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1068\/p241075","article-title":"Is the richness of our visual world an illusion? 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