{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:50:46Z","timestamp":1767016246315},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Semantic representations capture the statistics of experience and store this information in memory. A fundamental component of this memory system is knowledge of the visual environment, including knowledge of objects and their associations. Visual semantic information underlies a range of behaviors, from perceptual categorization to cognitive processes such as language and reasoning. Here we examine the neuroanatomic system that encodes visual semantics. Across three experiments, we found converging evidence indicating that knowledge of verbally mediated visual concepts relies on information encoded in a region of the ventral-medial temporal lobe centered on parahippocampal cortex. In an fMRI study, this region was strongly engaged by the processing of concepts relying on visual knowledge but not by concepts relying on other sensory modalities. In a study of patients with the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (semantic dementia), atrophy that encompassed this region was associated with a specific impairment in verbally mediated visual semantic knowledge. Finally, in a structural study of healthy adults from the fMRI experiment, gray matter density in this region related to individual variability in the processing of visual concepts. The anatomic location of these findings aligns with recent work linking the ventral-medial temporal lobe with high-level visual representation, contextual associations, and reasoning through imagination. Together, this work suggests a critical role for parahippocampal cortex in linking the visual environment with knowledge systems in the human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T15:44:10Z","timestamp":1450367050000},"page":"361-378","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Semantics of the Visual Environment Encoded in Parahippocampal Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Bonner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Pennsylvania"}]},{"given":"Amy Rose","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Pennsylvania"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Peelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Washington University in St. Louis"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Pennsylvania"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021002463500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.009","article-title":"The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition","volume":"17","author":"Aminoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073021002463500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0290","article-title":"Multimodal image coregistration and partitioning\u2014A unified framework","volume":"6","author":"Ashburner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073021002463500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","article-title":"Unified segmentation","volume":"26","author":"Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073021002463500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004","article-title":"Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain","volume":"12","author":"Avants","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical Image Analysis"},{"key":"2021073021002463500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00010","article-title":"Perception and conception: Temporal lobe activity during complex discriminations of familiar and novel faces and objects","volume":"23","author":"Barense","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021002463500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.10.001","article-title":"The neurobiology of semantic memory","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073021002463500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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