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However, the absence of a condition in which target speech was heard without additional masking made it difficult to identify brain networks specific to masking and to ascertain the extent to which competing speech was processed equivalently to target speech. In this study, we scanned young healthy adults with continuous fMRI, while they listened to stories masked by sounds that differed in their similarity to speech. We show that auditory attention and control networks are activated during attentive listening to masked speech in the absence of an overt behavioral task. We demonstrate that competing speech is processed predominantly in the left hemisphere within the same pathway as target speech but is not treated equivalently within that stream and that individuals who perform better in speech in noise tasks activate the left mid-posterior superior temporal gyrus more. Finally, we identify neural responses associated with the onset of sounds in the auditory environment; activity was found within right lateralized frontal regions consistent with a phasic alerting response. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive account of the neural processes involved in listening in noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T16:20:51Z","timestamp":1450801251000},"page":"483-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Getting the Cocktail Party Started: Masking Effects in Speech Perception"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"McGettigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"},{"name":"2University of London, Royal Holloway"}]},{"given":"Zarinah K.","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"},{"name":"3University of California, San Francisco"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"}]},{"given":"Sophie K.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University College London"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021001120100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.04.014","article-title":"The neural bases of difficult speech comprehension and speech production: Two activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses","volume":"122","author":"Adank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11455","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5257-06.2007","article-title":"A common system for the comprehension and production of narrative speech","volume":"27","author":"Awad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1966","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001966","article-title":"Phonological representations are unconsciously used when processing complex, non-speech signals","volume":"3","author":"Azadpour","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.10.006","article-title":"Co-localisation of abnormal brain structure and function in specific language impairment","volume":"120","author":"Badcock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.04.022","article-title":"Does it take older adults longer than younger adults to perceptually segregate a speech target from a background masker?","volume":"290","author":"Ben-David","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hearing Research"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-007-0073-z","article-title":"Visually-guided attention enhances target identification in a complex auditory scene","volume":"8","author":"Best","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1198","article-title":"Neural correlates of sensory and decision processes in auditory object identification","volume":"7","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021001120100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.1501.05","article-title":"Speech perception under conditions of spectral transformation .1. 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