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This study explored in healthy participants whether the cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right premotor cortex (PM) and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) can disrupt performance monitoring in a skilled motor task. Before and after tDCS, participants underwent a two-digit sequence motor task; in post-tDCS session, single-pulse TMS (sTMS) was applied to the right motor cortex, contralateral to the performing hand, with the aim of interfering with motor execution. Then, participants rated on a five-item questionnaire their performance at the motor task. Cathodal tDCS of PM (but not sham or PPC tDCS) impaired the participants' ability to evaluate their motor performance reliably, making them unconfident about their judgments. Congruently with the worsened motor performance induced by sTMS, participants reported to have committed more errors after sham and PPC tDCS; such a correlation was not significant after PM tDCS. In line with current computational and neuropsychological models of motor control and awareness, the present results show that a mechanism in the PM monitors and compares intended versus actual movements, evaluating their congruence. Cathodal tDCS of the PM impairs the activity of such a \u201ccomparator,\u201d disrupting self-confidence about own motor performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T15:49:03Z","timestamp":1457711343000},"page":"1052-1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["\u201cHow Did I Make It?\u201d: Uncertainty about Own Motor Performance after Inhibition of the Premotor Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Bolognini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience"},{"name":"2IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Zigiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience"},{"name":"2IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00edra Izzadora Souza","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vallar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience"},{"name":"2IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021010427500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110625","article-title":"Shared cortical anatomy for motor awareness and motor control","volume":"309","author":"Berti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073021010427500_R2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Motor awareness and motor intention in anosognosia for hemiplegia","volume-title":"Sensorimotor 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