{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T17:24:34Z","timestamp":1774718674462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neural correlates of word recognition are commonly studied with (rapid) serial visual presentation (RSVP), a condition that eliminates three fundamental properties of natural reading: parafoveal preprocessing, saccade execution, and the fast changes in attentional processing load occurring from fixation to fixation. We combined eye-tracking and EEG to systematically investigate the impact of all three factors on brain-electric activity during reading. Participants read lists of words either actively with eye movements (eliciting fixation-related potentials) or maintained fixation while the text moved passively through foveal vision at a matched pace (RSVP-with-flankers paradigm, eliciting ERPs). The preview of the upcoming word was manipulated by changing the number of parafoveally visible letters. Processing load was varied by presenting words of varying lexical frequency. We found that all three factors have strong interactive effects on the brain's responses to words: Once a word was fixated, occipitotemporal N1 amplitude decreased monotonically with the amount of parafoveal information available during the preceding fixation; hence, the N1 component was markedly attenuated under reading conditions with preview. Importantly, this preview effect was substantially larger during active reading (with saccades) than during passive RSVP with flankers, suggesting that the execution of eye movements facilitates word recognition by increasing parafoveal preprocessing. Lastly, we found that the N1 component elicited by a word also reflects the lexical processing load imposed by the previously inspected word. Together, these results demonstrate that, under more natural conditions, words are recognized in a spatiotemporally distributed and interdependent manner across multiple eye fixations, a process that is mediated by active motor behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T15:18:43Z","timestamp":1462979923000},"page":"1374-1391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Neural Correlates of Word Recognition: A Systematic Comparison of Natural Reading and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Benthe","family":"Kornrumpf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Niefind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Dimigen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021024935200_R1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistics in psycholinguistics: A critique of some current gold standards","volume-title":"Mental Lexicon working papers","author":"Baayen","year":"2004"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005","article-title":"Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items","volume":"59","author":"Baayen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803.19.3.204","article-title":"Eye-fixation-related potentials: Insight into parafoveal processing","volume":"19","author":"Baccino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199601000-00008","article-title":"The Freiburg Visual Acuity test\u2014Automatic measurement of visual acuity","volume":"73","author":"Bach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.05.053","article-title":"Parafoveal N400 effect during sentence reading","volume":"479","author":"Barber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01489.x","article-title":"An electrophysiological analysis of contextual and temporal constraints on parafoveal word processing","volume":"50","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","article-title":"Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal","volume":"68","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2021073021024935200_R8","unstructured":"Bates, D., Maechler, M., & Bolker, B. 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