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As such, it has the potential to boost learning and enhance performance on cognitive tasks. This study assessed the efficacy of tDCS to supplement WM training. Sixty-two participants were randomized to receive either right prefrontal, left prefrontal, or sham stimulation with concurrent visuospatial WM training over the course of seven training sessions. Results showed that tDCS enhanced training performance, which was strikingly preserved several months after training completion. Furthermore, we observed stronger effects when tDCS was spaced over a weekend break relative to consecutive daily training, and we also demonstrated selective transfer in the right prefrontal group to nontrained tasks of visual and spatial WM. These findings shed light on how tDCS may be leveraged as a tool to enhance performance on WM-intensive learning tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T15:18:43Z","timestamp":1462979923000},"page":"1419-1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Enhancing Working Memory Training with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jacky","family":"Au","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Irvine"},{"name":"2MIND Research Institute, Irvine, CA"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3University of Michigan"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Buschkuehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2MIND Research Institute, Irvine, CA"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Bunarjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Irvine"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Senger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Yale University"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Zabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3University of Michigan"}]},{"given":"Susanne M.","family":"Jaeggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of California, Irvine"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Jonides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3University of Michigan"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021031109800_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2009.11.003","article-title":"Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment","volume":"106","author":"Alloway","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2021073021031109800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.04.006","article-title":"Daily transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) leads to greater increases in cortical excitability than second daily transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"5","author":"Alonzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"2021073021031109800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.088310","article-title":"Non-synaptic mechanisms underlie the after-effects of cathodal transcutaneous direct current stimulation of the human brain","volume":"568","author":"Ardolino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"2021073021031109800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0967-4","article-title":"There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is NOT effective: A reply to Melby-Lervag and Hulme (2015)","volume":"23","author":"Au","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073021031109800_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-014-0699-x","article-title":"Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: A meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Au","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073021031109800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00688","article-title":"Origins of specificity during tDCS: Anatomical, activity-selective, and input-bias mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Bikson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021031109800_R7","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Reliable gains? 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