{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T10:08:08Z","timestamp":1753438088361},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1490,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Human visual search operates not only over space but also over time, as old items remain in the visual field and new items appear. Preview search (where one set of distractors appears before the onset of a second set) has been used as a paradigm to study search over time and space [Watson, D. G., &amp; Humphreys, G. W. Visual marking: Prioritizing selection for new objects by top\u2013down attentional inhibition of old objects. Psychological Review, 104, 90\u2013122, 1997], with participants showing efficient search when old distractors can be ignored and new targets prioritized. The benefits of preview search are lost, however, if a temporal gap is introduced between a first presentation of the old items and the re-presentation of all the items in the search display [Kunar, M. A., Humphreys, G. W., &amp; Smith, K. J. History matters: The preview benefit in search is not onset capture. Psychological Science, 14, 181\u2013185, 2003a], consistent with the old items being bound by temporal onset to the new stimuli. This effect of temporal binding can be eliminated if the old items reappear briefly before the new items, indicating also a role for the memory of the old items. Here we simulate these effects of temporal coding in search using the spiking search over time and space model [Mavritsaki, E., Heinke, D., Allen, H., Deco, G., &amp; Humphreys, G. W. Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention. Psychological Review, 118, 3\u201341, 2011]. We show that a form of temporal binding by new onsets has to be introduced to the model to simulate the effects of a temporal gap, but that effects of the memory of the old item can stem from continued neural suppression across a temporal gap. We also show that the model can capture the effects of brain lesion on preview search under the different temporal conditions. The study provides a proof-of-principle analysis that neural suppression and temporal binding can be sufficient to account for human search over time and space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T16:50:39Z","timestamp":1464713439000},"page":"1553-1567","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Temporal Binding and Segmentation in Visual Search: A Computational Neuroscience Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Eirini","family":"Mavritsaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Birmingham City University"},{"name":"2Oxford University"}]},{"given":"Glyn","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Oxford University"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021022270300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511574566","volume-title":"Corticonics: Neural circuits of the cerebral cortex","author":"Abeles","year":"1991"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R2","first-page":"286","article-title":"A neural marker of content-specific active ignoring","volume":"34","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.03.001","article-title":"The \u201cwhen\u201d pathway of the right parietal lobe","volume":"11","author":"Battelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.08.004","article-title":"The \u2018when\u2019 parietal pathway explored by lesion studies","volume":"18","author":"Battellil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194796","article-title":"Inhibition and anticipation in visual search: Evidence from effects of color foreknowledge on preview search","volume":"65","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2003","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193554","article-title":"Revisiting preview search at isoluminance: New onsets are not necessary for the preview advantage","volume":"67","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011204814320","article-title":"Effects of neuromodulation in a cortical network model of object working memory dominated by recurrent inhibition","volume":"11","author":"Brunel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.4.482.7241","article-title":"Comparing an individual's test score against norms derived from small samples","volume":"12","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01095.2004","article-title":"Neurodynamics of biased competition and cooperation for attention: A model with spiking neurons","volume":"94","author":"Deco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194445","article-title":"Visual marking beside the mark: Prioritizing selection by abrupt onsets","volume":"63","author":"Donk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.3.433","article-title":"Visual-search and stimulus similarity","volume":"96","author":"Duncan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1989.1.4.372","article-title":"Visual search performance in the neglect syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Eglin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R13","first-page":"137","article-title":"Synchronization and stimulus timing: Implications for temporal models of visual information processing","volume-title":"Psychophysics beyond Sensation","author":"Elliott","year":"2004"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R14","article-title":"Neural mechanism of temporal resolution of attention","author":"Howard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R15","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Neural representation of objects in space: A dual coding account","volume":"353","author":"Humphreys","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193733","article-title":"The time course of preview search with color-defmed, not luminance-defined, stimuli","volume":"68","author":"Humphreys","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290143000222","article-title":"Transient binding by time: Neuropsychological evidence from anti-extinction","volume":"19","author":"Humphreys","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194967","article-title":"An analysis of the time course of attention in preview search","volume":"66","author":"Humphreys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/385154a0","article-title":"Abnormal temporal dynamics of visual attention in spatial neglect patients","volume":"385","author":"Husain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.t01-1-01439","article-title":"History matters: The preview benefit in search is not onset capture","volume":"14","author":"Kunar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R21","first-page":"779","article-title":"Visual change with moving displays: More evidence for color feature map inhibition during preview search","volume":"29","author":"Kunar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R22","volume-title":"Individual choice behavior","author":"Luce","year":"1959"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(77)90032-3","article-title":"The choice axiom after twenty years","volume":"15","author":"Luce","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu389","article-title":"White matter lesional predictors of chronic visual neglect: A longitudinal study","volume":"138","author":"Lunven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021868","article-title":"Bridging the gap between physiology and behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS model of human visual attention","volume":"118","author":"Mavritsaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290903424329","article-title":"Simulating posterior parietal damage in a biologically plausible framework: Neuropsychological tests of the search over time and space model","volume":"26","author":"Mavritsaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2006.09.003","article-title":"A computational model of visual marking using an interconnected network of spiking neurons: The spiking search over time & space model (sSoTS)","volume":"100","author":"Mavritsaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology-Paris"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R28","first-page":"667","article-title":"Spatiotemporal segregation in visual search: Evidence from parietal lesions","volume":"30","author":"Olivers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R29","first-page":"1016","article-title":"The attraction of yellow corn: Reduced attentional constraints on coding learned conjunctive relations","volume":"39","author":"Rappaport","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.6.1431","article-title":"A case of integrative visual agnosia","volume":"110","author":"Riddoch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2012.722548","article-title":"Spatial and temporal attention deficits following brain injury: A neuroanatomical decomposition of the temporal order judgement task","volume":"29","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R32","first-page":"555","article-title":"Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis","volume-title":"Annual review of neuroscience","author":"Singer","year":"1995"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R42","volume-title":"The Stochastic Modeling of Elementary Psychological Processes","author":"Townsend","year":"1983"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1998.0284","article-title":"Feature binding, attention and object perception","volume":"353","author":"Treisman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","article-title":"Feature-integration theory of attention","volume":"12","author":"Treisman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/28166","article-title":"Visual synchrony affects binding and segmentation in perception","volume":"394","author":"Usher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/13506289408402295","article-title":"Grouping reduces visual extinction: Neuropsychological evidence for weight-linkage in visual selection","volume":"1","author":"Ward","year":"1994","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.1.90","article-title":"Visual marking: Prioritizing selection for new objects by top\u2013down attentional inhibition of old objects","volume":"104","author":"Watson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212099","article-title":"Visual marking: Evidence for inhibition using a probe-dot detection paradigm","volume":"62","author":"Watson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-015-0853-1","article-title":"Stored color-form knowledge modulates perceptual sensitivity in search","volume":"77","author":"Wildegger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200774","article-title":"Guided Search 2.0\u2014A revised model of visual-search","volume":"1","author":"Wolfe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2021073021022270300_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1037\/1196-1961.48.2.182","article-title":"Object continuity in apparent motion and attention","volume":"48","author":"Yantis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology-Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/1553\/1951560\/jocn_a_00984.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/28\/10\/1553\/1951560\/jocn_a_00984.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T01:39:12Z","timestamp":1627695552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/28\/10\/1553\/28572\/Temporal-Binding-and-Segmentation-in-Visual-Search"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00984","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}}}