{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:07:50Z","timestamp":1762862870068},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During study trials of a recognition memory task, alpha (\u223c10 Hz) oscillations decrease, and concurrently, theta (4\u20138 Hz) oscillations increase when later memory is successful versus unsuccessful (subsequent memory effect). Likewise, at test, reduced alpha and increased theta activity are associated with successful memory (retrieval success effect). Here we take an individual-differences approach to test three hypotheses about theta and alpha oscillations in verbal, old\/new recognition, measuring the difference in oscillations between hit trials and miss trials. First, we test the hypothesis that theta and alpha oscillations have a moderately mutually exclusive relationship; but no support for this hypothesis was found. Second, we test the hypothesis that theta oscillations explain not only memory effects within participants, but also individual differences. Supporting this prediction, durations of theta (but not alpha) oscillations at study and at test correlated significantly with d\u2032 across participants. Third, we test the hypothesis that theta and alpha oscillations reflect familiarity and recollection processes by comparing oscillation measures to ERPs that are implicated in familiarity and recollection. The alpha-oscillation effects correlated with some ERP measures, but inversely, suggesting that the actions of alpha oscillations on memory processes are distinct from the roles of familiarity- and recollection-linked ERP signals. The theta-oscillation measures, despite differentiating hits from misses, did not correlate with any ERP measure; thus, theta oscillations may reflect elaborative processes not tapped by recollection-related ERPs. Our findings are consistent with alpha oscillations reflecting visual inattention, which can modulate memory, and with theta oscillations supporting recognition memory in ways that complement the most commonly studied ERPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T15:46:58Z","timestamp":1473868018000},"page":"183-202","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rhythmic Activity and Individual Variability in Recognition Memory: Theta Oscillations Correlate with Performance whereas Alpha Oscillations Correlate with ERPs"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yvonne Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeremy B.","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073020555895500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.026","article-title":"Parietal contributions to recollection: Electrophysiological evidence from aging and patients with parietal lesions","volume":"46","author":"Ally","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12405","article-title":"Oscillatory brain activity in the alpha range is modulated by the content of word-prompted mental imagery","volume":"52","author":"Bartsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4122-11.2012","article-title":"Cross\u2013frequency phase\u2013phase coupling between theta and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus","volume":"32","author":"Belluscio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4121","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004121","article-title":"Increase of universality in human brain during mental imagery from visual perception","volume":"14","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.08.029","article-title":"Alpha oscillations serve to protect working memory maintenance against anticipated distracters","volume":"22","author":"Bonnefond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00047.1995","article-title":"Gamma (40\u2013100 Hz) oscillation in the hippocampus of the behaving rat","volume":"15","author":"Bragin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2057-12.2013","article-title":"Synchronous and asynchronous theta and gamma activity during episodic memory formation","volume":"33","author":"Burke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200309150-00013","article-title":"Object-load and feature-load modulate EEG in a short-term memory task","volume":"14","author":"Busch","year":"2003","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2459","article-title":"The parietal cortex and episodic memory: An attentional account","volume":"9","author":"Cabeza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.001","article-title":"Distinguishing rhythmic from non-rhythmic brain activity during rest in healthy neurocognitive aging","volume":"112","author":"Caplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.054","article-title":"The roles of EEG oscillations in learning relational information","volume":"38","author":"Caplan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R12","first-page":"3175","article-title":"Distinct patterns of brain oscillations underlie two basic parameters of human maze learning","volume":"21","author":"Caplan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073020555895500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4002-1","article-title":"Is what goes in what comes out? 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