{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:19:30Z","timestamp":1776896370850,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Excessively choosing immediate over larger future rewards, or delay discounting (DD), associates with multiple clinical conditions. Individual differences in DD likely depend on variations in the activation of and functional interactions between networks, representing possible endophenotypes for associated disorders, including alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Numerous fMRI studies have probed the neural bases of DD, but investigations of large-scale networks remain scant. We addressed this gap by testing whether activation within large-scale networks during Now\/Later decision-making predicts individual differences in DD. To do so, we scanned 95 social drinkers (18\u201340 years old; 50 women) using fMRI during hypothetical choices between small monetary amounts available \u201ctoday\u201d or larger amounts available later. We identified neural networks engaged during Now\/Later choice using independent component analysis and tested the relationship between component activation and degree of DD. The activity of two components during Now\/Later choice correlated with individual DD rates: A temporal lobe network positively correlated with DD, whereas a frontoparietal\u2013striatal network negatively correlated with DD. Activation differences between these networks predicted individual differences in DD, and their negative correlation during Now\/Later choice suggests functional competition. A generalized psychophysiological interactions analysis confirmed a decrease in their functional connectivity during decision-making. The functional connectivity of these two networks negatively correlates with alcohol-related harm, potentially implicating these networks in AUDs. These findings provide novel insight into the neural underpinnings of individual differences in impulsive decision-making with potential implications for addiction and related disorders in which impulsivity is a defining feature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,25]],"date-time":"2016-10-25T18:35:16Z","timestamp":1477420516000},"page":"467-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Neural Systems Underlying Individual Differences in Intertemporal Decision-making"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Elton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Boettiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021055357900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01535.x","article-title":"Interaction between family history of alcoholism and locus of control in the opioid regulation of impulsive responding under the influence of alcohol","volume":"35","author":"Altamirano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"2021073021055357900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.10.022","article-title":"The genetics of impulsivity: Evidence for the heritability of delay discounting","volume":"77","author":"Anokhin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073021055357900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.009","article-title":"Is 2 + 2 = 4? 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