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Thoughts during wakefulness additionally involved a medial prefrontal region, which was associated with metacognitive thoughts during wake. Phenomenologically, waking thoughts had more metacognitive content than thoughts during both NREM and REM sleep, whereas thoughts during REM sleep had a more social content. Together, these results point to a core neural substrate for thoughts, regardless of behavioral state, within the midcingulate cortex, and suggest that medial prefrontal regions may contribute to metacognitive content in waking thoughts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T17:49:49Z","timestamp":1496252989000},"page":"1766-1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The Phenomenal Contents and Neural Correlates of Spontaneous Thoughts across Wakefulness, NREM Sleep, and REM Sleep"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lampros","family":"Perogamvros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"},{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals"},{"name":"University of Geneva"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Seibold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Riedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Boly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Tononi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073021105638500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00830.2009","article-title":"Evidence for the default network's role in spontaneous cognition","volume":"104","author":"Andrews-Hanna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16657","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0786-13.2013","article-title":"Medial and lateral networks in anterior prefrontal cortex support metacognitive ability for memory and perception","volume":"33","author":"Baird","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00656","article-title":"The decoupled mind: Mind-wandering disrupts cortical phase-locking to perceptual events","volume":"26","author":"Baird","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.08.007","article-title":"Back to the future: Autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering","volume":"20","author":"Baird","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4567-14.2015","article-title":"Neural and behavioral correlates of extended training during sleep deprivation in humans: Evidence for local, task-specific effects","volume":"35","author":"Bernardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.040","article-title":"Medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortical thickness predicts shared individual differences in self-generated thought and temporal discounting","volume":"90","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.008","article-title":"Lost in thoughts: Neural markers of low alertness during mind wandering","volume":"54","author":"Braboszcz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073021105638500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.7.1173","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. 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