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In an fMRI study of 43 participants (11 men) with fear of snakes, we found reduced amygdala activity when visual stimuli were processed under high cognitive load, irrespective of whether the stimuli were of neutral or phobic content. Furthermore, dynamic causal modeling revealed that this general reduction in amygdala activity was partially mediated by a load-dependent increase in dorsolateral PFC activity. Importantly, high cognitive load also resulted in an acute decrease in perceived phobic fear while viewing the fearful stimuli. In conclusion, our data indicate that a cognitively demanding task results in a top\u2013down regulation of amygdala activity and an acute reduction of fear in phobic participants. These findings may inspire the development of novel psychological intervention approaches aimed at reducing fear in anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T13:54:55Z","timestamp":1580824495000},"page":"1117-1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Reducing Amygdala Activity and Phobic Fear through Cognitive Top\u2013Down Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Loos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Schicktanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Fastenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Coynel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Milnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Fehlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Ehrler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Papassotiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique J.-F.","family":"de Quervain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042815132966200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adolphs,  R., Tranel,  D., Damasio,  H., & Damasio,  A. 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