{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:49:54Z","timestamp":1778316594061,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The nature of the mapping process that imbues number symbols with their numerical meaning\u2014known as the \u201csymbol-grounding process\u201d\u2014remains poorly understood and the topic of much debate. The aim of this study was to enhance insight into how the nonsymbolic\u2013symbolic number mapping process and its neurocognitive correlates might differ between small (1\u20134; subitizing range) and larger (6\u20139) numerical ranges. Hereto, 22 young adults performed a learning task in which novel symbols acquired numerical meaning by mapping them onto nonsymbolic magnitudes presented as dot arrays (range 1\u20139). Learning-dependent changes in accuracy and RT provided evidence for successful novel symbol quantity mapping in the subitizing (1\u20134) range only. Corroborating these behavioral results, the number processing related P2p component was only modulated by the learning\/mapping of symbols representing small numbers 1\u20134. The symbolic N1 amplitude increased with learning independent of symbolic numerical range but dependent on the set size of the preceding dot array; it only occurred when mapping on one to four item dot arrays that allow for quick retrieval of a numeric value, on the basis of which, with learning, one could predict the upcoming symbol causing perceptual expectancy violation when observing a different symbol. These combined results suggest that exact nonsymbolic\u2013symbolic mapping is only successful for small quantities 1\u20134 from which one can readily extract cardinality. Furthermore, we suggest that the P2p reflects the processing stage of first access to or retrieval of numeric codes and might in future studies be used as a neural correlate of nonsymbolic\u2013symbolic mapping\/symbol learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T13:58:31Z","timestamp":1582120711000},"page":"1263-1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Number-related Brain Potentials Are Differentially Affected by Mapping Novel Symbols on Small versus Large Quantities in a Number Learning Task"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Fabian C. G.","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"de Weerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Jonkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042815134164000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrillo,  C., Piffer,  L., Bisazza,  A., & Butterworth,  B. (2012). Evidence for two numerical systems that are similar in humans and guppies. PLoS One, 7, e31923.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031923"},{"key":"2022042815134164000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benoit,  L., Lehalle,  H., & Jouen,  F. (2004). 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(2014). Experience-dependent hemispheric specialization of letters and numbers is revealed in early visual processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26, 2239\u20132249.","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00621"},{"key":"2022042815134164000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piazza,  M.\n           (2010). Neurocognitive start-up tools for symbolic number representations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 542\u2013551.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.09.008"},{"key":"2022042815134164000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piazza,  M., Fumarola,  A., Chinello,  A., & Melcher,  D. (2011). Subitizing reflects visuo-spatial object individuation capacity. Cognition, 121, 147\u2013153.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.05.007"},{"key":"2022042815134164000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinel,  P., Dehaene,  S., Rivi\u00e8re,  D., & LeBihan,  D. (2001). Modulation of parietal activation by semantic distance in a number comparison task. 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