{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:00:42Z","timestamp":1772164842659,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Precise timing is crucial for many behaviors ranging from conversational speech to athletic performance. The precision of motor timing has been suggested to result from the strength of phase\u2013amplitude coupling (PAC) between the phase of alpha oscillations (\u03b1, 8\u201312 Hz) and the power of beta activity (\u03b2, 14\u201330 Hz), herein referred to as \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC. The amplitude of \u03b2 oscillations has been proposed to code for temporally relevant information and the locking of \u03b2 power to the phase of \u03b1 oscillations to maintain timing precision. Motor timing precision has at least two sources of variability: variability of timekeeping mechanism and variability of motor control. It is ambiguous to which of these two factors \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC should be ascribed: \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC could index precision of stopwatch-like internal timekeeping mechanisms, or \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC could index motor control precision. To disentangle these two hypotheses, we tested how oscillatory coupling at different stages of a time reproduction task related to temporal precision. Human participants encoded and subsequently reproduced a time interval while magnetoencephalography was recorded. The data show a robust \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC during both the encoding and reproduction of a temporal interval, a pattern that cannot be predicted by motor control accounts. Specifically, we found that timing precision resulted from the trade-off between the strength of \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC during the encoding and during the reproduction of intervals. These results support the hypothesis that \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 PAC codes for the precision of temporal representations in the human brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T10:25:36Z","timestamp":1588847136000},"page":"1624-1636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Precision Timing with \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 Oscillatory Coupling: Stopwatch or Motor Control?"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Tadeusz W.","family":"Kononowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DRF\/Joliot, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif\/Yvette, France"}]},{"given":"Tilmann","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hedderik","family":"Van Rijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"van Wassenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DRF\/Joliot, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif\/Yvette, France"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042815234168300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnal,  L. 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