{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:03:56Z","timestamp":1776315836261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance, including executive functions (EFs) and their associated brain activation patterns. However, it has remained unclear which EF-related brain regions are affected consistently, because the results of pertinent neuroimaging studies and earlier meta-analyses vary considerably. We, therefore, conducted new rigorous meta-analyses of published age differences in EF-related brain activity. Out of a larger set of regions associated with EFs, only left inferior frontal junction and left anterior cuneus\/precuneus were found to show consistent age differences. To further characterize these two age-sensitive regions, we performed seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analyses using fMRI data from a large adult sample with a wide age range. We also assessed associations of the two regions' whole-brain RS-FC patterns with age and EF performance. Although our results largely point toward a domain-general role of left inferior frontal junction in EFs, the pattern of individual study contributions to the meta-analytic results suggests process-specific modulations by age. Our analyses further indicate that the left anterior cuneus\/precuneus is recruited differently by older (compared with younger) adults during EF tasks, potentially reflecting inefficiencies in switching the attentional focus. Overall, our findings question earlier meta-analytic results and suggest a larger heterogeneity of age-related differences in brain activity associated with EFs. Hence, they encourage future research that pays greater attention to replicability, investigates age-related differences in deactivation, and focuses on more narrowly defined EF subprocesses, combining multiple behavioral assessments with multimodal imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T09:30:52Z","timestamp":1596792652000},"page":"1716-1752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Aging Brain and Executive Functions Revisited: Implications from Meta-analytic and Functional-Connectivity Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Marisa K.","family":"Heckner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre J\u00fclich"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf"}]},{"given":"Edna C.","family":"Cieslik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre J\u00fclich"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf"}]},{"given":"Simon B.","family":"Eickhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre J\u00fclich"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Camilleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre J\u00fclich"},{"name":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University 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