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Here, we focused on the role of time\u2014asking how temporal expectations help prepare for ensuing memory-guided behavior. We manipulated the expected probe time in a delayed change-detection task and report that temporal expectation can have a profound influence on memory-guided behavioral performance. EEG measurements corroborated the utilization of temporal expectations: demonstrating the involvement of a classic EEG signature of temporal expectation\u2014the contingent negative variation\u2014in the context of working memory. We also report the influence of temporal expectations on 2 EEG signatures associated with visual working memory\u2014the lateralization of 8- to 12-Hz alpha activity, and the contralateral delay activity. We observed a dissociation between these signatures, whereby alpha lateralization (but not the contralateral delay activity) adapted to the time of expected memory utilization. These data show how temporal expectations prepare visual working memory for behavior and shed new light on the electrophysiological markers of both temporal expectation and working memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T13:04:10Z","timestamp":1599570250000},"page":"2320-2332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Temporal Expectations Prepare Visual Working Memory for Behavior"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging"},{"name":"University of Oxford"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging"},{"name":"University of Oxford"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7434-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freek","family":"van Ede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging"},{"name":"Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042815430462400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baddeley,  A.\n           (1992). 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