{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:07:47Z","timestamp":1776406067182,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pupillometry has been found to be correlated with activity of cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulator systems. These systems regulate the level of cortical arousal and therefore perception, attention, and memory. Here, we tested how different types of pupil size variance (prestimulus baseline and prestimulus hippus power) may correlate with behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs). We recorded pupil size and ERPs while participants were presented with a series of words and then asked whether the words had been in the initial list when they were later presented intermixed with unpresented words. We found that a smaller prestimulus baseline pupil size during the study phase was associated with better memory performance. Study items also evoked a larger P3 response at presentation and a greater old\/new memory ERP effect at test when prestimulus pupil size was small rather than large. Prestimulus hippus power was found to be a between-subjects factor affecting the robustness of memory encoding with less power being associated with a greater old\/new memory ERP effect. These results provide evidence relating memory and ERPs to variables defined on pupil size that are thought to reflect varying states of parasympathetic and sympathetic arousal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T12:59:34Z","timestamp":1602766774000},"page":"1119-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Variations in Pupil Size Related to Memory for Recently Presented Words and Event Related Potentials"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jan Rouke","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling, Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling, Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709","article-title":"An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: Adaptive gain and optimal performance","volume":"28","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1888","article-title":"Neural correlations, population coding and computation","volume":"7","author":"Averbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.91.2.276","article-title":"Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources","volume":"91","author":"Beatty","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00143-7","article-title":"The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system: Modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes","volume":"42","author":"Berridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(71)90016-2","article-title":"Hippus of the pupil: Periods of slow oscillations of unknwon origin","volume":"11","author":"Bouma","year":"1971","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00654.x","article-title":"The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation","volume":"45","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.62403","article-title":"Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: Interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding","volume":"10","author":"Cahill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15802","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3063-11.2011","article-title":"When attention wanders: How uncontrolled fluctuations in attention affect performance","volume":"31","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.017","article-title":"The reorienting system of the human brain: From environment to theory of mind","volume":"58","author":"Corbetta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374236-0.10012-4","article-title":"Locus coeruleus","volume-title":"The human nervous system","author":"Counts","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.11.021","article-title":"A review of the evidence for P2 being an independent component process: Age, sleep and modality","volume":"115","author":"Crowley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00058027","article-title":"Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?","volume":"11","author":"Donchin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2022060320385291900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616665578","article-title":"Do you see the forest or the tree? 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