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Here, we applied a novel picture naming paradigm, where multiple categorically related and unrelated words were presented as distractors before a to-be-named target picture. Using eye tracking, we investigated preferential fixation on the cohort members versus nonmembers. Thereby, we can judge the impact of explicit acknowledgment of the category and its effect on semantic interference. We found that, in contrast to neurotypical participants [van Scherpenberg, C., Abdel Rahman, R., &amp; Obrig, H. A novel multiword paradigm for investigating semantic context effects in language production. PLoS One, 15, e0230439, 2020], participants suffering from mild to moderate aphasia did not show a fixation preference on category members but still showed a large interference effect of \u223c35 msec, confirming the implicit mechanism of categorical interference. However, preferential fixation on the categorically related cohort words correlated with clinical tests regarding nonverbal semantic abilities and integrity of the anterior temporal lobe. This highlights the role of supramodal semantics for explicit recognition of a semantic category, while semantic interference is triggered if the threshold of lexical cohort activation is reached. Confirming psycholinguistic evidence, the demonstration of a large and persistent interference effect through implicit lexico-semantic activation is important to understand deficits in people with a lesion in thelanguage network, potentially relevant for individualized intervention aiming at improving naming skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T14:09:24Z","timestamp":1619705364000},"page":"1612-1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Semantic Interference through Multiple Distractors in Picture Naming in People with Aphasia"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-678X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cornelia","family":"van Scherpenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig"},{"name":"University Clinic Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Abdel Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Regenbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hellmuth","family":"Obrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig"},{"name":"University Clinic Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062921253883400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701560724","article-title":"Enhanced phonological facilitation and traces of concurrent word form activation in speech production: An object-naming study with multiple distractors","volume":"61","author":"Abdel Rahman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2021062921253883400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960802597250","article-title":"Semantic context effects in language production: A swinging lexical network proposal and a review","volume":"24","author":"Abdel Rahman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive 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