{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:47:04Z","timestamp":1790840824880,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005370","name":"Gates Cambridge Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cognitive flexibility has been hypothesized to be neurochemically rooted in dopamine neurotransmission. Nonetheless, underpowered sample sizes and contradictory meta-analytic findings have obscured the role of dopamine genes in cognitive flexibility and neglected potential gene\u2013gene interactions. In this largest neurocognitive-genetic study to date (n = 1400), single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with elevated prefrontal dopamine levels (catechol-O-methyltransferase; rs4680) and diminished striatal dopamine (C957T; rs6277) were both implicated in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance. Crucially, however, these genetic effects were only evident in low-IQ participants, suggesting high intelligence compensates for, and eliminates, the effect of dispositional dopamine functioning on flexibility. This interaction between cognitive systems may explain and resolve previous empirical inconsistencies in highly educated participant samples. Moreover, compensatory gene\u2013gene interactions were discovered between catechol-O-methyltransferase and DRD2, such that genotypes conferring either elevated prefrontal dopamine or diminished striatal dopamine\u2014via heightened striatally concentrated D2 dopamine receptor availability\u2014are sufficient for cognitive flexibility, but neither is necessary. The study has therefore revealed a form of epistatic redundancy or substitutability among dopamine systems in shaping adaptable thought and action, thus defining boundary conditions for dopaminergic effects on flexible behavior. These results inform theories of clinical disorders and psychopharmacological interventions and uncover complex fronto-striatal synergies in human flexible cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T18:02:10Z","timestamp":1637776930000},"page":"153-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Dopamine, Cognitive Flexibility, and IQ: Epistatic Catechol-O-MethylTransferase:DRD2 Gene\u2013Gene Interactions Modulate Mental Rigidity"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8270-7955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leor","family":"Zmigrod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0642-5977","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Trevor W.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02008.2003","article-title":"Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and dopamine regulation in the human brain","volume":"23","author":"Akil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001973","article-title":"Effects of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val 158 Met polymorphism on executive function: A meta-analysis of the Wisconsin card sort test in schizophrenia and healthy controls","volume":"12","author":"Barnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the cognitive effects of the catechol-o-methyltransferase Gene Val158\/108Met polymorphism","volume":"64","author":"Barnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.11.028","article-title":"Reply to: With great power comes great responsibility: Meta-analytic proof for a timeless insight","volume":"69","author":"Barnett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055862","article-title":"COMT and ANKK1-Taq-Ia genetic polymorphisms influence visual working memory","volume":"8","author":"Berryhill","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300542","article-title":"The catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism: Relations to the tonic\u2013phasic dopamine hypothesis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Bilder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112446655","article-title":"Development of abbreviated nine-item forms of the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices test","volume":"19","author":"Bilker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-010-9372-y","article-title":"Association between polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D2 and Catechol-o-Methyl transferase genes and cognitive function","volume":"40","author":"Bolton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.04.007","article-title":"Creative cognition and dopaminergic modulation of fronto-striatal networks: Integrative review and research agenda","volume":"78","author":"Boot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1341-2","article-title":"Dopamine D2\/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole impairs spatial reversal learning in rats: investigation of D3 receptor involvement in persistent behavior","volume":"202","author":"Boulougouris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8247-z","article-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology and neurogenetic aspects of executive functioning: Should reward gene polymorphisms constitute a diagnostic tool to identify individuals at risk for impaired judgment?","volume":"45","author":"Bowirrat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30080","article-title":"Relationship between dopaminergic neurotransmission, alcoholism, and reward deficiency syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Bowirrat","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-018-0584-6","article-title":"Dopamine D2 agonist affects visuospatial working memory distractor interference depending on individual differences in baseline working memory span","volume":"18","author":"Broadway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90179-6","article-title":"Dopamine receptors in human brain: Autoradiographic distribution of D2 sites","volume":"28","author":"Camps","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.02.017","article-title":"Selective lesions of the dorsomedial striatum impair serial spatial reversal learning in rats","volume":"210","author":"Casta\u00f1\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.2.335","article-title":"Impaired cognitive flexibility and motor inhibition in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"164","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_198","article-title":"Cognitive inflexibility in OCD and related disorders","volume":"49","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1086\/425589","article-title":"Functional analysis of genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): Effects on mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human brain","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00421","article-title":"Differential associations between cortical thickness and striatal dopamine in treatment-na\u00efve adults with ADHD vs. healthy controls","volume":"11","author":"Cherkasova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.021","article-title":"A matched filter hypothesis for cognitive control","volume":"62","author":"Chrysikou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5066-10.2011","article-title":"Dopamine, but not serotonin, regulates reversal learning in the marmoset caudate nucleus","volume":"31","author":"Clarke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10972","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1521-08.2008","article-title":"Lesions of the medial striatum in monkeys produce perseverative impairments during reversal learning similar to those produced by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"28","author":"Clarke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05947.x","article-title":"Dopamine gene predicts the brain's response to dopaminergic drug","volume":"26","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0514-8","article-title":"Cognitive control and the COMT Val 158 Met polymorphism: Genetic modulation of videogame training and transfer to task-switching efficiency","volume":"78","author":"Colzato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.023","article-title":"The flexible mind is associated with the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism: Evidence for a role of dopamine in the control of task-switching","volume":"48","author":"Colzato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199606000-00004","article-title":"A study of the dopamine D2 receptor gene in pathological gambling","volume":"6","author":"Comings","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1401","article-title":"The costs and benefits of brain dopamine for cognitive control","volume":"7","author":"Cools","year":"2016","journal-title":"WIREs Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.09.035","article-title":"Chemistry of the adaptive mind: Lessons from dopamine","volume":"104","author":"Cools","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(03)00117-9","article-title":"L-Dopa medication remediates cognitive inflexibility, but increases impulsivity in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"41","author":"Cools","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.028","article-title":"Inverted-U-shaped dopamine actions on human working memory and cognitive control","volume":"69","author":"Cools","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4467-08.2009","article-title":"Striatal dopamine predicts outcome-specific reversal learning and its sensitivity to dopaminergic drug administration","volume":"29","author":"Cools","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4475-07.2008","article-title":"Working memory capacity predicts dopamine synthesis capacity in the human striatum","volume":"28","author":"Cools","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2004.1468","article-title":"Chemistry of the adaptive mind","volume":"362","author":"Cools","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5506","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0601-07.2007","article-title":"Impulsive personality predicts dopamine-dependent changes in frontostriatal activity during component processes of working memory","volume":"27","author":"Cools","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000500","article-title":"Hierarchical Bayesian models of social inference for probing persecutory delusional ideation","volume":"129","author":"Diaconescu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53884-0.00032-4","article-title":"Biological and social influences on cognitive control processes dependent on prefrontal cortex","volume":"189","author":"Diamond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.125","article-title":"Genetic and neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cognitive functions in children","volume":"161","author":"Diamond","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024348","article-title":"Behavioral effects of selective ablation of the caudate nucleus","volume":"63","author":"Divac","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1634-0","article-title":"The dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride modulates striatal BOLD signal during the manipulation of information in working memory","volume":"207","author":"Dodds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1901-15.2016","article-title":"Variability in dopamine genes dissociates model-based and model-free reinforcement learning","volume":"36","author":"Doll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6188","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6486-10.2011","article-title":"Dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in susceptibility to confirmation bias","volume":"31","author":"Doll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083118-014857","article-title":"The causes and consequences of genetic interactions (epistasis)","volume":"20","author":"Domingo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.015","article-title":"The dual-state theory of prefrontal cortex dopamine function with relevance to catechol-O-methyltransferase genotypes and schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Durstewitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-78","article-title":"Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of novelty seeking","volume":"12","author":"Ebstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111134598","article-title":"Effect of COMT Val108\/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia","volume":"98","author":"Egan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-1051-1","article-title":"Chronic cocaine but not chronic amphetamine use is associated with perseverative responding in humans","volume":"197","author":"Ersche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.06.033","article-title":"Response perseveration in stimulant dependence is associated with striatal dysfunction and can be ameliorated by a D2\/3 receptor agonist","volume":"70","author":"Ersche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.12.003","article-title":"Compulsivity in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and addictions","volume":"26","author":"Figee","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706008750","article-title":"The endophenotype concept in psychiatric genetics","volume":"37","author":"Flint","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00062","article-title":"Prefrontal dopamine and behavioral flexibility: Shifting from an \u201cinverted-U\u201d toward a family of functions","volume":"7","author":"Floresco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2342","article-title":"Prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in exploration and exploitation","volume":"12","author":"Frank","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.96","article-title":"Neurogenetics and pharmacology of learning, motivation, and cognition","volume":"36","author":"Frank","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16311","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706111104","article-title":"Genetic triple dissociation reveals multiple roles for dopamine in reinforcement learning","volume":"104","author":"Frank","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.3.497","article-title":"A mechanistic account of striatal dopamine function in human cognition: Psychopharmacological studies with cabergoline and haloperidol","volume":"120","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229294","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229294","article-title":"Catecholaminergic modulation of the cost of cognitive control in healthy older adults","volume":"15","author":"Frob\u00f6se","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0172362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172362","article-title":"COMT and DRD2\/ANKK-1 gene\u2013gene interaction account for resetting of gamma neural oscillations to auditory stimulus-driven attention","volume":"12","author":"Garcia-Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.11.055","article-title":"A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of pergolide, a dopamine receptor agonist, on component processes of working memory","volume":"139","author":"Gibbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32345","article-title":"Genetics of cognitive control: Implications for Nimh's research domain criteria initiative","volume":"171","author":"Glahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e747","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.22","article-title":"Genetic variation and dopamine D2 receptor availability: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human in vivo molecular imaging studies","volume":"6","author":"Gluskin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.032","article-title":"The role of COMT Val158Met in cognition","volume":"65","author":"Goldman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90304-6","article-title":"Cellular basis of working memory","volume":"14","author":"Goldman-Rakic","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-07-02125.1990","article-title":"Overlap of dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotoninergic receptors and complementarity of their subtypes in primate prefrontal cortex","volume":"10","author":"Goldman-Rakic","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1572","article-title":"COMT genotype predicts longitudinal cognitive decline and psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Gothelf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.07.024","article-title":"Striatal dopamine D2 receptors in modulation of pain in humans: A review","volume":"500","author":"Hagelberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib61","volume-title":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual","author":"Heaton","year":"1981"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001561","article-title":"C957T polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene affects striatal DRD2 availability in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.02.021","article-title":"C957T polymorphism of the human dopamine D2 receptor gene predicts extrastriatal dopamine receptor availability in vivo","volume":"33","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0272-9","article-title":"D2 receptors and cognitive flexibility in marmosets: Tri-phasic dose\u2013response effects of intra-striatal quinpirole on serial reversal performance","volume":"44","author":"Horst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib150","article-title":"JASP (Version 0.12.2.0) [Computer software]","author":"JASP Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5195-08.2009","article-title":"Dopamine DRD2 polymorphism alters reversal learning and associated neural activity","volume":"29","author":"Jocham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.01.007","article-title":"Learning and cognitive flexibility: frontostriatal function and monoaminergic modulation","volume":"20","author":"Kehagia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.01.023","article-title":"Transient and selective overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum causes persistent abnormalities in prefrontal cortex functioning","volume":"49","author":"Kellendonk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.024","article-title":"Dopamine-related dissociation of cortical and subcortical brain activations in cognitively unimpaired Parkinson's disease patients OFF and ON medications","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00317-2","article-title":"Cognitive effects of the dopamine receptor agonist pergolide","volume":"41","author":"Kimberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(69)90135-8","article-title":"Caudate nucleus lesions and perseverative behavior","volume":"4","author":"Kirkby","year":"1969","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00201","article-title":"Dopaminergic control of cognitive flexibility in humans and animals","volume":"7","author":"Klanker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.01.021","article-title":"The effect of ANKK1 Taq1A and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Klaus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00695","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.695","article-title":"The effect of COMT Val158Met and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function and the impact of early life stress","volume":"7","author":"Klaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145044","article-title":"Genetically determined differences in learning from errors","volume":"318","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199606000-00007","article-title":"Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"6","author":"Lachman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics and Genomics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200003000-00001","article-title":"Imaging synaptic neurotransmission with in vivo binding competition techniques: A critical review","volume":"20","author":"Laruelle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301337","article-title":"Dopamine D 2\/D 3 receptors play a specific role in the reversal of a learned visual discrimination in monkeys","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6412","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptors in the cerebral cortex: Distribution and pharmacological characterization with [3H] raclopride","volume":"86","author":"Lidow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6412","article-title":"Distribution of dopaminergic receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: Quantitative autoradiographic analysis using [3H] raclopride,[3H] spiperone and [3H] SCH23390","volume":"40","author":"Lidow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.03.034","article-title":"Lesions of the dorsomedial striatum impair formation of attentional set in rats","volume":"71","author":"Lindgren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.012","article-title":"Dopamine D2\/D3 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate cortex and executive functioning","volume":"156","author":"Lumme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.4.652","article-title":"A functional polymorphism in the COMT gene and performance on a test of prefrontal cognition","volume":"159","author":"Malhotra","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0058-6","article-title":"On the molecular genetics of flexibility: The case of task-switching, inhibitory control and genetic variants","volume":"11","author":"Markett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1899-2","article-title":"Impaired set-shifting and dissociable effects on tests of spatial working memory following the dopamine d2 receptor antagonist sulpiride in human volunteers","volume":"176","author":"Mehta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.04.044","article-title":"Cognitive rigidity in unipolar depression and obsessive compulsive disorder: Examination of task switching, Stroop, working memory updating and post-conflict adaptation","volume":"185","author":"Meiran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1438","article-title":"Midbrain dopamine and prefrontal function in humans: Interaction and modulation by COMT genotype","volume":"8","author":"Meyer-Lindenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nn804","article-title":"Reduced prefrontal activity predicts exaggerated striatal dopaminergic function in schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Meyer-Lindenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.36","article-title":"Neural substrates of pleiotropic action of genetic variation in COMT: A meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Mier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02169-5","article-title":"Cortical thickness mediates the relationship between DRD2 C957T polymorphism and executive function across the adult lifespan","volume":"226","author":"Miranda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.11.004","article-title":"Fronto-striatal organization: Defining functional and microstructural substrates of behavioural flexibility","volume":"74","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0749-1","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia across age groups: A case\u2013control study","volume":"16","author":"Mosio\u0142ek","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0502-4","article-title":"Tonic dopamine: Opportunity costs and the control of response vigor","volume":"191","author":"Niv","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.2.359","article-title":"Catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism in schizophrenia: Differential effects of Val and Met alleles on cognitive stability and flexibility","volume":"161","author":"Nolan","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2007.03.003","article-title":"The effect of striatal dopamine depletion and the adenosine A2A antagonist KW-6002 on reversal learning in rats","volume":"88","author":"O'Neill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.06.009","article-title":"Neurobiological substrates of cognitive rigidity and autonomic inflexibility in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"119","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.133","article-title":"Epistatic interaction between COMT and DTNBP1 modulates prefrontal function in mice and in humans","volume":"19","author":"Papaleo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2452","article-title":"Epistasis\u2014The essential role of gene interactions in the structure and evolution of genetic systems","volume":"9","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Genetics"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-3010-3","article-title":"Understanding behavioural rigidity in autism spectrum conditions: The role of intentional control","volume":"47","author":"Poljac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1401.013","article-title":"The contribution of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsomedial striatum to behavioral flexibility","volume":"1121","author":"Ragozzino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib100","article-title":"Cognitive rigidity, habitual tendencies, and obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms: Individual differences and interactions in a healthy population","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":""},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib101","volume-title":"Raven's Progressive Matrices","author":"Raven","year":"1938"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1021648128758","article-title":"Association of seven polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with brain receptor-binding characteristics","volume":"28","author":"Ritchie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurochemical Research"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-02531.1994","article-title":"6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys enhance performance on an analog of the Wisconsin card sort test: Possible interactions with subcortical dopamine","volume":"14","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000098652","article-title":"Performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the C957T polymorphism of the DRD2 gene in healthy volunteers","volume":"54","author":"Rodriguez-Jimenez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology; Basel"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.032","article-title":"A thalamocorticostriatal dopamine network for psychostimulant-enhanced human cognitive flexibility","volume":"74","author":"Samanez-Larkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2005.00163.x","article-title":"The molecular genetics of cognition: Dopamine, COMT and BDNF","volume":"5","author":"Savitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes, Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13953-1","article-title":"Dopamine transients do not act as model-free prediction errors during associative learning","volume":"11","author":"Sharpe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4538","article-title":"Dopamine transients are sufficient and necessary for acquisition of model-based associations","volume":"20","author":"Sharpe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.014","article-title":"A possible role for the striatum in the pathogenesis of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"65","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0617-z","article-title":"Activation of D1 receptors affects human reactivity and flexibility to valued cues","volume":"45","author":"Soutschek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06647.x","article-title":"Effects of dopamine-related gene\u2013gene interactions on working memory component processes","volume":"29","author":"Stelzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14205","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1062-10.2010","article-title":"Frontostriatal involvement in task switching depends on genetic differences in D2 receptor density","volume":"30","author":"Stelzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.04.002","article-title":"Dissociable fronto-striatal effects of dopamine D2 receptor stimulation on cognitive versus motor flexibility","volume":"49","author":"Stelzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00428-w","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: Neural mechanisms and clinical considerations","volume":"22","author":"Uddin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004331","article-title":"Stochastic dynamics underlying cognitive stability and flexibility","volume":"11","author":"Ueltzh\u00f6ffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.08.009","article-title":"Specific frontostriatal circuits for impaired cognitive flexibility and goal-directed planning in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: Evidence from resting-state functional connectivity","volume":"81","author":"Vaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2340-2","article-title":"Human cognitive flexibility depends on dopamine D2 receptor signaling","volume":"218","author":"van Holstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.3.344","article-title":"Association between decline in brain dopamine activity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals","volume":"155","author":"Volkow","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.036","article-title":"With great power comes great responsibility: Meta-analytic proof for a timeless insight","volume":"69","author":"Wacker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6540","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2831-18.2019","article-title":"A neuroanatomical substrate linking perceptual stability to cognitive rigidity in autism","volume":"39","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10196","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0665-07.2007","article-title":"Site-specific role of catechol-O-methyltransferase in dopamine overflow within prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum","volume":"27","author":"Yavich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.034","article-title":"Creativity and sensory gating indexed by the P50: Selective versus leaky sensory gating in divergent thinkers and creative achievers","volume":"69","author":"Zabelina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa276","article-title":"First demonstration of double dissociation between COMT-Met158 and COMT-Val158 cognitive performance when stressed and when calmer","volume":"31","author":"Zareyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00216","article-title":"Association of COMT and COMT-DRD2 interaction with creative potential","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2019.10.016","article-title":"The role of cognitive rigidity in political ideologies: Theory, evidence, and future directions","volume":"34","author":"Zmigrod","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200424","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0424","article-title":"The cognitive and perceptual correlates of ideological attitudes: A data-driven approach","volume":"376","author":"Zmigrod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4532","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708960115","article-title":"Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit","volume":"115","author":"Zmigrod","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000661","article-title":"The partisan mind: Is extreme political partisanship related to cognitive inflexibility?","volume":"149","author":"Zmigrod","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-018-1034-3","article-title":"Cognitive flexibility and religious disbelief","volume":"83","author":"Zmigrod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"2022040819522081600_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.01.016","article-title":"The psychological roots of intellectual humility: The role of intelligence and cognitive flexibility","volume":"141","author":"Zmigrod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_x_02042","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/34\/1\/153\/2007633\/jocn_a_01784.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/34\/1\/153\/2007633\/jocn_a_01784.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T19:52:35Z","timestamp":1649447555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/34\/1\/153\/107690\/Dopamine-Cognitive-Flexibility-and-IQ-Epistatic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01784","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1162\/jocn_x_02042","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}}}