{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:55:44Z","timestamp":1776099344550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MIT Press","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 DA033369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 DA033369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 AG049789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 AG049789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 MH124112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 MH124112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R21 MH098149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R21 MH098149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Temporal processes play an important role in elaborating and regulating emotional responding during routine mind wandering. However, it is unknown whether the human brain reliably transitions among multiple emotional states at rest and how psychopathology alters these affect dynamics. Here, we combined pattern classification and stochastic process modeling to investigate the chronometry of spontaneous brain activity indicative of six emotions (anger, contentment, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and a neutral state. We modeled the dynamic emergence of these brain states during resting-state fMRI and validated the results across two population cohorts\u2014the Duke Neurogenetics Study and the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Our findings indicate that intrinsic emotional brain dynamics are effectively characterized as a discrete-time Markov process, with affective states organized around a neutral hub. The centrality of this network hub is disrupted in individuals with psychopathology, whose brain state transitions exhibit greater inertia and less frequent resetting from emotional to neutral states. These results yield novel insights into how the brain signals spontaneous emotions and how alterations in their temporal dynamics contribute to compromised mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T14:10:05Z","timestamp":1635343805000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Temporal Dynamics of Spontaneous Emotional Brain States and Their Implications for Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.1162","author":[{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Kragel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC"},{"name":"Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad R.","family":"Hariri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"LaBar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01787\/1979632\/jocn_a_01787.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01787\/1979632\/jocn_a_01787.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T15:43:44Z","timestamp":1640792624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01787\/107818\/The-Temporal-Dynamics-of-Spontaneous-Emotional"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01787","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]]}}}