{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:57:53Z","timestamp":1769579873682,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001832","name":"Radboud Universiteit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["243301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["243301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001832","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Idioms can have both a literal interpretation and a figurative interpretation (e.g., to \u201ckick the bucket\u201d). Which interpretation should be activated can be disambiguated by a preceding context (e.g., \u201cThe old man was sick. He kicked the bucket.\u201d). We investigated whether the idiomatic and literal uses of idioms have different predictive properties when the idiom has been biased toward a literal or figurative sentence interpretation. EEG was recorded as participants performed a lexical decision task on idiom-final words in biased idioms and literal (compositional) sentences. Targets in idioms were identified faster in both figuratively and literally used idioms than in compositional sentences. Time\u2013frequency analysis of a prestimulus interval revealed relatively more alpha\u2013beta power decreases in literally than figuratively used idiomatic sequences and compositional sentences. We argue that lexico-semantic retrieval plays a larger role in literally than figuratively biased idioms, as retrieval of the word meaning is less relevant in the latter and the word form has to be matched to a template. The results are interpreted in terms of context integration and word retrieval and have implications for models of language processing and predictive processing in general.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T23:14:00Z","timestamp":1637709240000},"page":"209-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dropping Beans or Spilling Secrets: How Idiomatic Context Bias Affects Prediction"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Manon","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"van Ginkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Piai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2014.10.017","article-title":"Effects of prediction and contextual support on lexical processing: Prediction takes precedence","volume":"136","author":"Brothers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000351","article-title":"Basic composition and enriched integration in idiom processing: An EEG study","volume":"43","author":"Canal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12000477","article-title":"Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science","volume":"36","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/applin\/amm022","article-title":"Formulaic sequences: Are they processed more quickly than nonformulaic language by native and nonnative speakers?","volume":"29","author":"Conklin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.04.082","article-title":"An inverse relation between event-related and time\u2013frequency violation responses in sentence processing","volume":"1158","author":"Davidson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1504","article-title":"Probabilistic word pre-activation during language comprehension inferred from electrical brain activity","volume":"8","author":"DeLong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","article-title":"Beta-band oscillations\u2014Signalling the status quo?","volume":"20","author":"Engel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.11.004","article-title":"Oscillations and episodic memory: Addressing the synchronization\/desynchronization conundrum","volume":"39","author":"Hanslmayr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00074","article-title":"Oscillatory power decreases and long-term memory: The information via desynchronization hypothesis","volume":"6","author":"Hanslmayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17026\/dans-zjx-hnsk","article-title":"Normative data on Dutch idiomatic expressions: Native speakers","author":"Hubers","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.02.014","article-title":"Four central questions about prediction in language processing","volume":"1626","author":"Huettig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.08.111","article-title":"A parallel architecture perspective on language processing","volume":"1146","author":"Jackendoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06477-5","article-title":"Human hippocampal pre-activation predicts behavior","volume":"7","author":"Jafarpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.09.003","article-title":"New insights into the relationship between dopamine, beta oscillations and motor function","volume":"34","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.04.001","article-title":"Temporal coding organized by coupled alpha and gamma oscillations prioritize visual processing","volume":"37","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.3.643","article-title":"SUBTLEX-NL: A new measure for Dutch word frequency based on film subtitles","volume":"42","author":"Keuleers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369374-7\/50018-3","article-title":"Psycholinguistics electrified II (1994\u20132005)","volume-title":"Handbook of psycholinguistics","author":"Kutas","year":"2006"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.087","article-title":"MEG evoked responses and rhythmic activity provide spatiotemporally complementary measures of neural activity in language production","volume":"60","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00328","article-title":"Dissociating N400 effects of prediction from association in single-word contexts","volume":"25","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.02.014","article-title":"A predictive coding framework for rapid neural dynamics during sentence-level language comprehension","volume":"68","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19499-4","article-title":"Prediction is production: The missing link between language production and comprehension","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13748","article-title":"The neural oscillations of speech processing and language comprehension: State of the art and emerging mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2015.1077978","article-title":"Is there a common oscillatory brain mechanism for producing and predicting language?","volume":"31","author":"Molinaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Language, Cognition and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00847","article-title":"Item parameters dissociate between expectation formats: A regression analysis of time\u2013frequency decomposed EEG data","volume":"5","author":"Monsalve","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33468","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33468","article-title":"Large-scale replication study reveals a limit on probabilistic prediction in language comprehension","volume":"7","author":"Nieuwland","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156869","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib29","article-title":"PsychoPy\u2014A psychology software in Python","author":"Peirce","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.08.065","article-title":"Gamma EEG activity induced by semantic violation during sentence reading","volume":"465","author":"Penolazzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088674","article-title":"Distinct patterns of brain activity characterise lexical activation and competition in spoken word production","volume":"9","author":"Piai","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.014","article-title":"Oscillatory brain responses in spoken word production reflect lexical frequency and sentential constraint","volume":"53","author":"Piai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00549","article-title":"Withholding planned speech is reflected in synchronized beta-band oscillations","volume":"9","author":"Piai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22806","article-title":"Beta oscillations reflect memory and motor aspects of spoken word production","volume":"36","author":"Piai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13695","article-title":"Lesion evidence for a critical role of left posterior but not frontal areas in alpha\u2013beta power decreases during context-driven word production","volume":"48","author":"Piai","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.plm.2019.07.002","article-title":"Speaking waves: Neuronal oscillations in language production","volume-title":"Psychology of learning and motivation","author":"Piai","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib37","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2009"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2016.1183799","article-title":"Alpha and theta band dynamics related to sentential constraint and word expectancy","volume":"32","author":"Rommers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Language, Cognition and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00337","article-title":"Context-dependent semantic processing in the human brain: Evidence from idiom comprehension","volume":"25","author":"Rommers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(03)00043-X","article-title":"Representing others' actions: Just like one's own?","volume":"88","author":"Sebanz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/0267658310382068","article-title":"Adding more fuel to the fire: An eye-tracking study of idiom processing by native and non-native speakers","volume":"27","author":"Siyanova-Chanturia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Second Language Research"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S1366728918001219","article-title":"The tug of war between an idiom's figurative and literal meanings: Evidence from native and bilingual speakers","volume":"23","author":"van Ginkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00201","article-title":"\u201cToo many betas do not spoil the broth\u201d: The role of beta brain oscillations in language processing","volume":"3","author":"Weiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2022010619360040300_bib45","first-page":"143750","article-title":"Prediction (or not) during language processing. A commentary on Nieuwland et al. (2017) and DeLong et al. (2005)","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/34\/2\/209\/1980965\/jocn_a_01798.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/34\/2\/209\/1980965\/jocn_a_01798.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T19:36:15Z","timestamp":1641497775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/34\/2\/209\/108415\/Dropping-Beans-or-Spilling-Secrets-How-Idiomatic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}}}