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Parsimoniously, the brain could use the same mechanisms for implicit and explicit timing. Yet, the evidence has been equivocal, revealing both joint versus separate signatures of timing. Here, we directly compared implicit and explicit timing using magnetoencephalography, whose temporal resolution allows investigating the different stages of the timing processes. Implicit temporal predictability was induced in an auditory paradigm by a manipulation of the foreperiod. Participants received two consecutive task instructions: discriminate pitch (indirect measure of implicit timing) or duration (direct measure of explicit timing). The results show that the human brain efficiently extracts implicit temporal statistics of sensory environments, to enhance the behavioral and neural responses to auditory stimuli, but that those temporal predictions did not improve explicit timing. In both tasks, attentional orienting in time during predictive foreperiods was indexed by an increase in alpha power over visual and parietal areas. Furthermore, pretarget induced beta power in sensorimotor and parietal areas increased during implicit compared to explicit timing, in line with the suggested role for beta oscillations in temporal prediction. Interestingly, no distinct neural dynamics emerged when participants explicitly paid attention to time, compared to implicit timing. Our work thus indicates that implicit timing shapes the behavioral and sensory response in an automatic way and is reflected in oscillatory neural dynamics, whereas the translation of implicit temporal statistics to explicit durations remains somewhat inconclusive, possibly because of the more abstract nature of this task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T12:55:17Z","timestamp":1652792117000},"page":"1447-1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Implicit Versus Explicit Timing\u2014Separate or Shared Mechanisms?"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-3167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sophie K.","family":"Herbst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Obleser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of L\u00fcbeck"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-5502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Virginie","family":"van Wassenhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022063021251441500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93958","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093958","article-title":"Implicit and explicit timing in oculomotor control","volume":"9","author":"Ameqrane","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022063021251441500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00225","article-title":"Predicting \u201cwhen\u201d using the motor system's beta-band oscillations","volume":"6","author":"Arnal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human 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