{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T01:50:41Z","timestamp":1768269041117,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009033","name":"Center of Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCE1307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCE1307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Maekawa Foundation","award":["2018\u20132019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u20132019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated that paternal caregiving behaviors are reliant on neural pathways similar to those supporting maternal care. Interestingly, a greater variability exists in parental phenotypes in men than in women among individuals and mammalian species. However, less is known about when or how such variability emerges in men. We investigated the longitudinal changes in the neural, hormonal, and psychological bases of expression of paternal caregiving in humans throughout pregnancy and the first 4 months of the postnatal period. We measured oxytocin and testosterone, paternity-related psychological traits, and neural response to infant-interaction videos using fMRI in first-time fathers and childless men at three time points (early to mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postnatal). We found that paternal-specific brain activity in prefrontal areas distinctly develops during middle-to-late pregnancy and is enhanced in the postnatal period. In addition, among fathers, the timing of the development of prefrontal brain activity was associated with specific parenting phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T18:49:17Z","timestamp":1672944557000},"page":"396-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of the Paternal Brain in Humans throughout Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-6049","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Diaz-Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai University, Suita, Japan"},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo"}]},{"given":"Takefumi","family":"Kikusui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Mogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Nagasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"},{"name":"Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education, Japan"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Myowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto University, Japan"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402569111","article-title":"Father's brain is sensitive to childcare experiences","volume":"111","author":"Abraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.27.783","article-title":"Sex differences in behavioral and corticosterone responses to mild stressors in ICR mice are altered by ovariectomy in peripubertal period","volume":"27","author":"Aoki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoological Science"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.05.021","article-title":"Fathering in rodents: Neurobiological substrates and consequences for offspring","volume":"77","author":"Bales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.4065\/76.6.582","article-title":"Changes in testosterone, cortisol, and estradiol levels in men becoming fathers","volume":"76","author":"Berg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22537","article-title":"Cortisol administration increases hippocampal activation to infant crying in males depending on childhood neglect","volume":"35","author":"Bos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12174","article-title":"Paternal influences on offspring development: Behavioural and epigenetic pathways","volume":"26","author":"Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12608","article-title":"Paternal part-time employment and fathers' long-term involvement in child care and housework","volume":"82","author":"B\u00fcnning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib6","first-page":"185","article-title":"From parental-fetal attachment to a parent\u2013infant relationship: A systematic review about prenatal protective and risk factors","volume":"19","author":"Cataudella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Span and Disability"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","article-title":"LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1993.tb01739.x","article-title":"The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: Development of a questionnaire instrument","volume":"66","author":"Condon","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Medical Psychology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830701691335","article-title":"Assessment of postnatal paternal\u2013infant attachment: Development of a questionnaire instrument","volume":"26","author":"Condon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","article-title":"How do you feel\u2014Now? The anterior insula and human awareness","volume":"10","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117527","article-title":"Development of the paternal brain in expectant fathers during early pregnancy","volume":"225","author":"Diaz-Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21469","article-title":"Prospective and dyadic associations between expectant parents' prenatal hormone changes and postpartum parenting outcomes","volume":"59","author":"Edelstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.009","article-title":"Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0355(200007)21:3&lt;176::AID-IMHJ3&gt;3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Parents' convergence on sharing and marital satisfaction, father involvement, and parent\u2013child relationship at the transition to parenthood","volume":"21","author":"Feldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.10041","article-title":"Infant-mother and infant\u2013father synchrony: The coregulation of positive arousal","volume":"24","author":"Feldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0124-6","article-title":"The neural mechanisms and consequences of paternal caregiving","volume":"20","author":"Feldman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.01.013","article-title":"Natural variations in maternal |and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent\u2013infant contact","volume":"35","author":"Feldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20309","article-title":"Rough-and-tumble play and the regulation of aggression: An observational study of father\u2013child play dyads","volume":"35","author":"Flanders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107239","article-title":"Older adults recruit dorsomedial prefrontal cortex to decrease negativity during retrieval of emotionally complex real-world events","volume":"135","author":"Ford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16194","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1105403108","article-title":"Longitudinal evidence that fatherhood decreases testosterone in human males","volume":"108","author":"Gettler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.02.005","article-title":"Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans","volume":"68","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9507.00202","article-title":"The uniqueness of the child\u2013father attachment relationship: Fathers' sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Grossmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Social Development"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20658","article-title":"Brain activity during visual versus kinesthetic imagery: An fMRI study","volume":"30","author":"Guillot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071043098","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: Relation to a default mode of brain function","volume":"98","author":"Gusnard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib25","first-page":"199","article-title":"Attitude toward childrearing and the relevant factors of female adolescents: Influences of views on sex roles, feelings to children, and attitude toward childrearing of mother (original in Japanese)","volume":"6","author":"Inori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of Faculty of Human Culture, Hiroshima University"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9145","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714471114","article-title":"Perceiving social interactions in the posterior superior temporal sulcus","volume":"114","author":"Isik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2012.01030.x","article-title":"Mothers' and fathers' work hours, child gender, and behavior in middle childhood","volume":"75","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.08.010","article-title":"Modeling dad: Animal models of paternal behavior","volume":"34","author":"Kentner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2014.933713","article-title":"Neural plasticity in fathers of human infants","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.012809.105054","article-title":"Cooperative breeding and its significance to the demographic success of humans","volume":"39","author":"Kramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2018.08.011","article-title":"Fathers' cortisol and testosterone in the days around infants' births predict later paternal involvement","volume":"106","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.08.002","article-title":"Neural responses to infants linked with behavioral interactions and testosterone in fathers","volume":"91","author":"Kuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib33","volume-title":"The father's role: Cross-cultural perspectives","author":"Lamb","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib34","volume-title":"The role of the father in child development","author":"Lamb","year":"2010","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.017","article-title":"Mothers ' neural activation in response to pictures of their children and other children","volume":"56","author":"Leibenluft","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn153","article-title":"Neural basis of maternal communication and emotional expression processing during infant preverbal stage","volume":"19","author":"Lenzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198311000-00012","article-title":"The role of the father in child development","volume":"22","author":"Leventhal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.01.003","article-title":"Other-self confusions in action memory: The role of motor processes","volume":"149","author":"Lindner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961257","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/961257","article-title":"Multivoxel pattern analysis for fMRI data: A review","volume":"2012","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.09.032","article-title":"Precentral gyrus discrepancy in electronic versions of the Talairach atlas","volume":"21","author":"Maldjian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00169-1","article-title":"An automated method for neuroanatomic and cytoarchitectonic atlas-based interrogation of fMRI data sets","volume":"19","author":"Maldjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15746","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305579110","article-title":"Testicular volume is inversely correlated with nurturing-related brain activity in human fathers","volume":"110","author":"Mascaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib43","first-page":"182","article-title":"The effect of becoming fathers on men's development","volume":"17","author":"Morishita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.10.005","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex tracks positive mood in mothers viewing pictures of their newborn infants","volume":"21","author":"Nitschke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.3.387","article-title":"The role of fathers in child and adolescent psychopathology: Make room for daddy","volume":"111","author":"Phares","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44939","DOI":"10.7554\/elife.44939","article-title":"The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex computes task-invariant relative subjective value for self and other","volume":"8","author":"Piva","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.037","article-title":"Sex differences in the neural correlates of child facial resemblance: An event-related fMRI study","volume":"25","author":"Platek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.007","article-title":"Reactions to children's faces: Males are more affected by resemblance than females are, and so are their brains","volume":"25","author":"Platek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolution and Human Behavior"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060816","article-title":"The paternal brain in action: A review of human fathers' fMRI brain responses to child-related stimuli","volume":"11","author":"Provenzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.017","article-title":"The neural and hormonal bases of human parental care","volume":"51","author":"Rilling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.02.013","article-title":"The neurobiology of fatherhood","volume":"15","author":"Rilling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230","article-title":"The mirror-neuron system","volume":"27","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00572.x","article-title":"Fathers' involvement and children's developmental outcomes: A systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"97","author":"Sarkadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.07.014","article-title":"High paternal testosterone may protect against postpartum depressive symptoms in fathers, but confer risk to mothers and children","volume":"95","author":"Saxbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00697-8","article-title":"Differential sex-independent amygdala response to infant crying and laughing in parents versus nonparents","volume":"54","author":"Seifritz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195396690.001.0001","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of evolutionary family psychology","author":"Shackelford","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2008.03.003","article-title":"Effects of isolation-rearing on the development of social behaviors in male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)","volume":"94","author":"Shimozuru","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiology and Behavior"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2307\/350547","article-title":"Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads","volume":"38","author":"Spanier","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and the Family"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470479216.corpsy0943","article-title":"State-trait anxiety inventory","volume-title":"The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology","author":"Spielberger","year":"2010"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21676","article-title":"Measurement of father-child ROUGH-and-tumble play and its relations to child behavior","volume":"38","author":"Stgeorge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.10.017","article-title":"The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging","volume":"35","author":"Swain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21471","article-title":"Progress on the paternal brain: Theory, animal models, human brain research, and mental health implications","volume":"35","author":"Swain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01690.x","article-title":"The contribution of mother\u2013child and father\u2013child relationships to the quality of sibling interaction: A longitudinal study","volume":"63","author":"Volling","year":"1992","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2014.900095","article-title":"Stability of fathers' representations of their infants during the transition to parenthood","volume":"16","author":"Vreeswijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Attachment & Human Development"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.019","article-title":"Correlates of ante- and postnatal depression in fathers: A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Wee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.11.006","article-title":"Oxytocin administration, salivary testosterone, and father\u2013infant social behavior","volume":"49","author":"Weisman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080407","article-title":"Effects of father participation in child rearing: Twenty-year follow-up","volume":"69","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.10.007","article-title":"Effects of paternal depression on fathers' parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01770.x","article-title":"Father involvement and child well-being","volume":"47","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.47","article-title":"Oxytocin modulates neural reactivity to children's faces as a function of social salience","volume":"37","author":"Wittfoth-Schardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.012","article-title":"The neural basis of responsive caregiving behaviour: Investigating temporal dynamics within the parental brain","volume":"325","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"2023013122020135300_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2190\/LYKR-7VHP-YJEM-MKM2","article-title":"Screening for depression in primary care clinics: The CES-D and the BDI","volume":"20","author":"Zich","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/396\/2069447\/jocn_a_01953.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/396\/2069447\/jocn_a_01953.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1675202567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/35\/3\/396\/114452\/Development-of-the-Paternal-Brain-in-Humans"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01953","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}