{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:41:47Z","timestamp":1777570907810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 940 project B08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 940 project B08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cognitive flexibility is an essential facet of everyday life, for example, when switching between different tasks. Neurophysiological accounts on cognitive flexibility have often focused on the task switch itself, disregarding preceding processes and the possible impact of \u201cbrain states\u201d before engaging in cognitive flexibility. In a combined working memory\/task-switching paradigm, we examined how neuronal processes during cognitive flexibility are interrelated to preceding neuronal processes across time and brain regions in a sample of n = 42 healthy adults. The interrelation of alpha- and theta-band-related processes over brain states ahead and during response selection was investigated on a functional neuroanatomical level using EEG-beamforming. The results showed that response selection processes (reflected by theta-band activity) seem to be strongly connected to \u201cidling\u201d and preparatory brain activity states (in both the theta- and alpha-band). Notably, the superior parietal cortex seems to play a crucial role by assembling alpha-band-related inhibitory processes from the rule- and goal-based actions during \u201cidling\u201d brain states, namely, short-term maintenance of rules (temporal cortex), task-set reconfiguration (superior frontal\/precentral regions), and perceptual control (occipital cortex). This information is further relayed to response selection processes associated with theta-band activity. Notably, when the task has to be switched, theta-band activity in the superior frontal gyrus indicates a need for cognitive control in the \u201cidling\u201d brain state, which also seems to be relayed by BA7. The results indicate the importance of brain activity states ahead of response selection processes for cognitive flexibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T20:43:00Z","timestamp":1675284180000},"page":"749-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["How Intermittent Brain States Modulate Neurophysiological Processes in Cognitive Flexibility"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Wendiggensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dresden, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Beste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dresden, Germany"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117052","article-title":"Pre-trial theta band activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlates with inhibition-related theta band activity in the right inferior frontal cortex","volume":"219","author":"Adelh\u00f6fer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117275","article-title":"Cardiac cycle gated cognitive-emotional control in superior frontal cortices","volume":"222","author":"Adelh\u00f6fer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.05.003","article-title":"Cortical oscillations and sensory predictions","volume":"16","author":"Arnal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00728.x","article-title":"The cost of a voluntary task switch","volume":"15","author":"Arrington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.31.4.683","article-title":"Voluntary task switching: Chasing the elusive homunculus","volume":"31","author":"Arrington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.06.005","article-title":"Inhibition and impulsivity: Behavioral and neural basis of response control","volume":"108","author":"Bari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2023030714542411000_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 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