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Yet, little is known about how vicarious risk taking develops, particularly depending on who the risk affects and the type of risky behavior. In a 3-wave longitudinal fMRI study, 173 adolescents completed 1\u20133 years of a risky decision-making task where they took risks to win money for their best friend and parent (n with behavioral and fMRI data ranges from 139\u2013144 and 100\u2013116 participants, respectively, per wave). Results of this preregistered study suggest that adolescents did not differentially take adaptive (sensitivity to the expected value of reward during risk taking) and general (decision-making when the expected values of risk taking and staying safe are equivalent) risks for their best friend and parent from sixth to ninth grade. At the neural level, preregistered ROI analyses revealed no differences in the ventral striatum and ventromedial pFC during general nor adaptive risk taking for best friend versus parent over time. Furthermore, exploratory longitudinal whole-brain analyses revealed subthreshold differences between best friend and parent trajectories within regulatory regions during general vicarious risk taking and social-cognitive regions during adaptive vicarious risk taking. Our findings demonstrate that brain regions implicated in cognitive control and social-cognitive processes may distinguish behaviors involving peers and parents over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T17:54:37Z","timestamp":1677002077000},"page":"802-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Behavioral and Neural Trajectories of Risk Taking for Peer and Parent in Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0136-5074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seh-Joo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Caitlin C.","family":"Turpyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Mitchell J.","family":"Prinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Kristen A.","family":"Lindquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Eva H.","family":"Telzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050100012413500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117872","article-title":"The longitudinal stability of fMRI activation during reward processing in adolescents and young 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