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Here, we show the bodily orienting response associated with internal selective attention is widespread as it also includes the head. In three virtual reality experiments, participants remembered 2 visual items. After a working memory delay, a central color cue indicated which item needed to be reproduced from memory. After the cue, head movements became biased in the direction of the memorized location of the cued memory item\u2014despite there being no items to orient toward in the external environment. The heading-direction bias had a distinct temporal profile from the gaze bias. Our findings reveal that directing attention within the spatial layout of visual working memory bears a strong relation to the overt head orienting response we engage when directing attention to sensory information in the external environment. The heading-direction bias further demonstrates common neural circuitry is engaged during external and internal orienting of attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T12:54:53Z","timestamp":1676984093000},"page":"856-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Heading Direction Tracks Internally Directed Selective Attention in Visual Working Memory"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-2949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jude L.","family":"Thom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7434-1751","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Freek","family":"van Ede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1354-4835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dejan","family":"Draschkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1995.7.1.66","article-title":"Memory representations in natural tasks","volume":"7","author":"Ballard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(72)90104-7","article-title":"Two modes of active eye-head coordination in monkeys","volume":"40","author":"Bizzi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe8212","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe8212","article-title":"Output planning at the input stage in visual working memory","volume":"7","author":"Boettcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(84)80149-6","article-title":"Physiology of the frontal eye fields","volume":"7","author":"Bruce","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-07-02719.2000","article-title":"Task-dependent constraints in motor control: Pinhole goggles make the head move like an eye","volume":"20","author":"Ceylan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4502","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00510.2005","article-title":"Head movement evoked by electrical stimulation in the supplementary eye field of the rhesus monkey","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-019-01760-1","article-title":"Resynthesizing behavior through phylogenetic refinement","volume":"81","author":"Cisek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.040","article-title":"Overt responses during covert orienting","volume":"82","author":"Corneil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.040","article-title":"Overt responses during covert orienting","volume":"82","author":"Corneil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2023","article-title":"Neuromuscular consequences of reflexive covert orienting","volume":"11","author":"Corneil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023040314472695300_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.4.1980","article-title":"Neck muscle responses to stimulation of monkey superior colliculus. 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