{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:42:21Z","timestamp":1740134541314,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":101,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPGP-2014-00051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPGP-2014-00051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2020-07245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-07245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009M00034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009M00034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Self-motion perception relies primarily on the integration of the visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory systems. There is a gap in understanding how a temporal lag between visual and vestibular motion cues affects visual\u2013vestibular weighting during self-motion perception. The beta band is an index of visual\u2013vestibular weighting, in that robust beta event-related synchronization (ERS) is associated with visual weighting bias, and robust beta event-related desynchronization is associated with vestibular weighting bias. The present study examined modulation of event-related spectral power during a heading judgment task in which participants attended to either visual (optic flow) or physical (inertial cues stimulating the vestibular, proprioceptive and somatosensory systems) motion cues from a motion simulator mounted on a MOOG Stewart Platform. The temporal lag between the onset of visual and physical motion cues was manipulated to produce three lag conditions: simultaneous onset, visual before physical motion onset, and physical before visual motion onset. There were two main findings. First, we demonstrated that when the attended motion cue was presented before an ignored cue, the power of beta associated with the attended modality was greater than when visual\u2013vestibular cues were presented simultaneously or when the ignored cue was presented first. This was the case for beta ERS when the visual-motion cue was attended to, and beta event-related desynchronization when the physical-motion cue was attended to. Second, we tested whether the power of feature-binding gamma ERS (demonstrated in audiovisual and visual\u2013tactile integration studies) increased when the visual\u2013vestibular cues were presented simultaneously versus with temporal asynchrony. We did not observe an increase in gamma ERS when cues were presented simultaneously, suggesting that electrophysiological markers of visual\u2013vestibular binding differ from markers of audiovisual and visual\u2013tactile integration. All event-related spectral power reported in this study were generated from dipoles projecting from the left and right motor areas, based on the results of Measure Projection Analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T15:36:01Z","timestamp":1681313761000},"page":"1092-1107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stimulus Onset Asynchrony Affects Weighting-related Event-related Spectral Power in Self-motion Perception"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3666-0719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben","family":"Townsend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joey K.","family":"Legere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"v. Mohrenschildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Shedden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.01.029","article-title":"The ventriloquist effect results from near-optimal bimodal integration","volume":"14","author":"Alais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2009.06.008","article-title":"Multisensory integration: Psychophysics, neurophysiology, and computation","volume":"19","author":"Angelaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1779-4","article-title":"Perceived timing of vestibular stimulation relative to touch, light and sound","volume":"198","author":"Barnett-Cowan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-00002421","article-title":"Vestibular perception is slow: A review","volume":"26","author":"Barnett-Cowan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Multisensory Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/conf.fnhum.2014.216.00013","article-title":"EEG markers of visually experienced self-motion (vection)","volume-title":"Frontiers of Human Neuroscience Conference Abstract: Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Inc.","author":"Barry","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.01.040","article-title":"Measure projection analysis: A probabilistic approach to EEG source comparison and multi-subject inference","volume":"72","author":"Bigdely-Shamlo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib6","first-page":"342","article-title":"The British Army Air Corps in-flight spatial disorientation demonstration sortie","volume":"68","author":"Braithwaite","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3304","article-title":"Memory, navigation and theta rhythm in the hippocampal-entorhinal system","volume":"16","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp268","article-title":"Sensitivity of human visual and vestibular cortical regions to egomotion-compatible visual stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Cardin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.008","article-title":"Beta-band activity and connectivity in sensorimotor and parietal cortex are important for accurate motor performance","volume":"144","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib52","article-title":"Visual\u2013vestibular integration for self-motion perception","volume-title":"The neural bases of multisensory processes","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.004","article-title":"Enhanced detection of artifacts in EEG data using higher-order statistics and independent component analysis","volume":"34","author":"Delorme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10155","article-title":"Rollvection versus linearvection: Comparison of brain activations in PET","volume":"21","author":"Deutschl\u00e4nder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000613","article-title":"Audiovisual speech is more than the sum of its parts: Auditory\u2013visual superadditivity compensates for age-related declines in audible and lipread speech intelligibility","volume":"36","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/35094565","article-title":"Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top\u2013down processing","volume":"2","author":"Engel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.016","article-title":"Stimulus intensity modulates multisensory temporal processing","volume":"88","author":"Fister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3557","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14499","article-title":"Vection in virtual reality modulates vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials","volume":"50","author":"Gallagher","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.038","article-title":"Identifying reliable independent components via split-half comparisons","volume":"45","author":"Groppe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1999-9202","article-title":"Importance of the vestibular system in visually induced nausea and self-vection","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Vestibular Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418755352","article-title":"Neural oscillations orchestrate multisensory processing","volume":"24","author":"Keil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05824-9","article-title":"Velocity influences the relative contributions of visual and vestibular cues to self-acceleration","volume":"238","author":"Kenney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.09.014","article-title":"The ups and downs of beta oscillations in sensorimotor cortex","volume":"245","author":"Kilavik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental Neurology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-5-5","article-title":"Thresholds for perception of direction of linear acceleration as a possible evaluation of the otolith function","volume":"5","author":"Kingma","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","article-title":"Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information","volume":"16","author":"Klimesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1992-2405","article-title":"Multimodal and motor influences on orientation: Implications for adapting to weightless and virtual environments","volume":"2","author":"Lackner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Vestibular Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1255","article-title":"Perceptual learning and top\u2013down influences in primary visual cortex","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-00002528","article-title":"The curious incident of attention in multisensory integration: Bottom\u2013up vs. top\u2013down","volume":"29","author":"Macaluso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multisensory Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib55","first-page":"145","article-title":"Independent component analysis of electroencephalographic data","volume":"8","author":"Makeig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311890","article-title":"The prediagnostic phase of Parkinson's disease","volume":"87","author":"Noyce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib26","first-page":"349","article-title":"The integration of physical acceleration cues with visual acceleration cues","volume":"69","author":"O'Malley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.043","article-title":"3D cortical electrophysiology of ballistic upper limb movement in humans","volume":"115","author":"Ofori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.3.466","article-title":"Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass","volume":"130","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156869","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"},{"volume-title":"AMICA: An adaptive mixture of independent component analyzers with shared components","year":"2012","author":"Palmer","key":"2023062619395075400_bib30"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001809","article-title":"Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): A common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness","volume":"18","author":"Popkirov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Practical Neurology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00351.2020","article-title":"Effect of timing delay between visual and vestibular stimuli on heading perception","volume":"126","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(00)00081-1","article-title":"Bisensory stimulation increases gamma-responses over multiple cortical regions","volume":"11","author":"Sakowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.05.002","article-title":"Crossmodal binding through neural coherence: Implications for multisensory processing","volume":"31","author":"Senkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.013","article-title":"Good times for multisensory integration: Effects of the precision of temporal synchrony as revealed by gamma-band oscillations","volume":"45","author":"Senkowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85990-1_36","article-title":"Visualization tools for high angular resolution diffusion imaging","volume-title":"Proceedings of the medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention. MICCAI International Conference Medical Image Computing Computer-Assisted Intervention","author":"Shattuck","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00379.2018","article-title":"Relationship between vestibular sensitivity and multisensory temporal integration","volume":"120","author":"Shayman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/13.6.4","article-title":"Dynamic weighting of multisensory stimuli shapes decision-making in rats and humans","volume":"13","author":"Sheppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3137","article-title":"Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions","volume":"13","author":"Siegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.003011","article-title":"Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Singer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200101220-00009","article-title":"Temporal and spatial dependency of the ventriloquism effect","volume":"12","author":"Slutsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2022.100102","article-title":"Beta-band power is an index of multisensory weighting during self-motion perception","volume":"2","author":"Townsend","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage: Reports"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.02.015","article-title":"Attention modulates event-related spectral power in multisensory self-motion perception","volume":"191","author":"Townsend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7962-6","article-title":"Mal de debarquement syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"263","author":"Van Ombergen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1961.sp006643","article-title":"Role of the vestibular apparatus in the perception of motion on a parallel swing","volume":"155","author":"Walsh","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-00002545","article-title":"Vection latency is reduced by bone-conducted vibration and noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation","volume":"30","author":"Weech","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multisensory Research"},{"key":"2023062619395075400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa035","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa035","article-title":"Visual self-motion cues are impaired yet overweighted during visual\u2013vestibular integration in Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Yakubovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Communications"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/35\/7\/1092\/2140240\/jocn_a_01994.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/35\/7\/1092\/2140240\/jocn_a_01994.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T19:40:04Z","timestamp":1687808404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/35\/7\/1092\/115628\/Stimulus-Onset-Asynchrony-Affects-Weighting"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_01994","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0898-929X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1530-8898"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}