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In blocks containing two items, participants repeatedly named pictures that were semantically related, phonologically related, or unrelated (contextual similarity manipulation). In straight blocks, the pictures were named by their canonical names. In reverse blocks, participants had to reverse the names (Stroop-like manipulation). Both manipulations led to behavioral interference, but with different electrophysiological profiles. Whole-scalp stimulus-locked and response-locked analyses of semantic and phonological similarity pointed to a system with global modularity with some degree of cascading and interactivity, whereas the effect of phase reversal was sustained and of the opposite polarity. More strikingly, a representational similarity analysis showed a biphasic pattern for Stroop-like reversal, with earlier higher similarity scores for the reverse phase flipping into lower scores ~500 msec poststimulus onset. In contrast, contextual similarity induced higher similarity scores up to articulation. Finally, response-locked mediofrontal components indexing performance monitoring differed between manipulations. Correct response negativity's amplitude was lower in the phonological blocks, whereas a pre-correct response negativity component had higher amplitude in reverse versus straight blocks. These results argue against the involvement of Stroop-like control mechanisms in resolving interference from contextual similarity in language production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T19:25:39Z","timestamp":1685647539000},"page":"1329-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Different Electrophysiological Signatures of Similarity-induced and Stroop-like Interference in Language Production"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Pinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, and Language (BCBL)"},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain"}]},{"given":"Nazbanou","family":"Nozari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC), Pittsburgh, PA"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.33.3.604","article-title":"When bees hamper the production of honey: Lexical interference from associates in speech production","volume":"33","author":"Abdel Rahman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/027249800410535","article-title":"Semantic and associative priming in picture naming","volume":"53","author":"Alario","year":"2000","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2921","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor","volume":"14","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.09.036","article-title":"The modulation of the ne-like wave on correct responses foreshadows errors","volume":"372","author":"Allain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005","article-title":"Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items","volume":"59","author":"Baayen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","article-title":"Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal","volume":"68","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980443000142","article-title":"Refractory effects in picture naming as assessed in a semantic blocking paradigm","volume":"58","author":"Belke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib8","first-page":"341","article-title":"Speak and unSpeak with Praat","volume":"5","author":"Boersma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot International"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control","volume":"108","author":"Botvinick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2023062818434381800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0900-x","article-title":"Does segmental overlap help or hurt? 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