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However, it remains unclear whether this reconstruction relies on mixtures of signals from different memory systems, including one supporting general knowledge. Here, we investigate whether the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) distorts new memories because of prior category knowledge. In this preregistered experiment (n = 36), participants encoded and retrieved image\u2013location associations. Most images' locations were clustered according to their category, but some were in random locations. With this protocol, we previously demonstrated that randomly located images were retrieved closer to their category cluster relative to their encoded locations, suggesting an influence of category knowledge. We combined this procedure with TMS delivered to the left ATL before retrieval. We separately examined event-specific details (error) and category knowledge (bias) to identify distinct signals attributable to different memory systems. We found that TMS to ATL attenuated bias in location memory, but this effect was limited to exploratory analyses of atypical category members of animal categories. The magnitude of error was not impacted, suggesting that a memory's fidelity can be decoupled from its distortion by category knowledge. This raises the intriguing possibility that retrieval is jointly supported by separable memory systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T16:09:17Z","timestamp":1694794157000},"page":"1899-1918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Disruption of Anterior Temporal Lobe Reduces Distortions in Memory From Category Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-3849","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexa","family":"Tompary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Branch H.","family":"Coslett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Thompson-Schill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023110620565600300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.93.2.203","article-title":"Is memory schematic?","volume":"93","author":"Alba","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2023110620565600300_bib2","volume-title":"A theory of remembering","author":"Bartlett","year":"1932"},{"key":"2023110620565600300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.046","article-title":"Prior knowledge influences on hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex interactions in subsequent memory","volume":"64","author":"Bein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023110620565600300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.10.001","article-title":"The neurobiology of semantic memory","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2023110620565600300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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