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We propose that a mind can be considered conscious when three processes are in place: the first is a continuous generation of interoceptive feelings, which results in experiencing of the organism's internal operations; the second is the equally continuous production of images, generated according to the organism's sensory perspective relative to its surround; the third combines feeling\/experience and perspective resulting in a process of subjectivity relative to the image contents. We also propose a biological basis for these three components: the peripheral and central physiology of interoception and exteroception help explain the implementation of the first two components, whereas the third depends on central nervous system integration, at multiple levels, from spinal cord, brainstem, and diencephalic nuclei, to selected regions of the mesial cerebral cortices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T17:39:47Z","timestamp":1707241187000},"page":"1653-1659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Homeostatic Feelings and the Emergence of Consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Damasio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Damasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070315295836500_bib1","article-title":"Neuroanatomy, unmyelinated nerve fibers","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Arcilla","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024070315295836500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198811930.003.0003","article-title":"Interoceptive signals, brain dynamics, and subjectivity","volume-title":"The interoceptive mind: From homeostasis to awareness","author":"Babo-Rebelo","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024070315295836500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RC173","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-20-j0004.2001","article-title":"Ephaptic interactions in the mammalian olfactory system","volume":"21","author":"Bokil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024070315295836500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2000261","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202000261","article-title":"Interoception and the origin of feelings: A new synthesis","volume":"43","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2024070315295836500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.09.038","article-title":"A role for the P2Y1 receptor in nonsynaptic cross-depolarization in the rat dorsal root ganglia","volume":"423","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024070315295836500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? 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