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This study examined how fluctuations in neural oscillatory activity are related to problem-solving performance as one example of how temporal variability affects high-level cognition. We used volatility to assess step-by-step fluctuations of EEG spectral power while individuals attempted to solve word-association puzzles. Inspired by recent results with hidden-state modeling, we tested the hypothesis that spectral-power volatility is directly associated with problem-solving outcomes. As predicted, volatility was lower during trials solved with insight compared with those solved analytically. Moreover, volatility during prestimulus preparation for problem-solving predicted solving outcomes, including solving success and solving time. These novel findings were replicated in a separate data set from an anagram-solving task, suggesting that less-rapid transitions between neural oscillatory synchronization and desynchronization predict better solving performance and are conducive to solving with insight for these types of problems. Thus, volatility can be a valuable index of cognition-related brain dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T18:04:56Z","timestamp":1709575496000},"page":"901-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electroencephalography Spectral-power Volatility Predicts Problem-solving Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4878-4628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"}]},{"given":"Yongtaek","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kounios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Beeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025043020030761700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.048","article-title":"Dopaminergic modulation of hemodynamic signal variability and the functional connectome during cognitive performance","volume":"172","author":"Alavash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025043020030761700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118149","article-title":"Inter-regional BOLD signal variability is an organizational feature of functional brain networks","volume":"237","author":"Baracchini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025043020030761700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023.10.22.563476","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.22.563476","article-title":"The biological role of local and global fMRI BOLD signal variability in human brain organization","author":"Baracchini","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"2025043020030761700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/20445911.2020.1819297","article-title":"Verbal insight revisited\u2014Dissociable neurocognitive processes underlying solutions accompanied by an AHA! 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