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However, intuition suggests that perceptual experience is richer than these results indicate. Why does it feel like we see so much when the data suggests we see so little? One possibility stems from the fact that experimental studies always present observers with stimuli that they have never seen before. Meanwhile, when forming intuitions about perceptual experience, observers reflect on their experiences with scenes with which they are highly familiar (e.g., their office). Does prior experience with a scene change the bandwidth of perceptual awareness? Here, we asked if observers were better at noticing alterations to the periphery in familiar scenes compared with unfamiliar scenes. We found that observers noticed changes to the periphery more frequently with familiar stimuli. Signal detection theoretic analyses revealed that when observers are unfamiliar with a stimulus, they are less sensitive at noticing (d\u2032) and are more conservative in their response criterion (c). Taken together, these results suggest that prior knowledge expands the bandwidth of perceptual awareness. It should be stressed that these results challenge the widely held idea that prior knowledge fills in perception. Overall, these findings highlight how prior knowledge plays an important role in determining the limits of perceptual experience and is an important factor to consider when attempting to reconcile the tension between empirical observation and personal introspection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T17:37:33Z","timestamp":1711388253000},"page":"1546-1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Familiarity Alters the Bandwidth of Perceptual Awareness"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"},{"name":"Amherst College"}]},{"given":"Skyler","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amherst College"}]},{"given":"Zaki","family":"Alaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amherst College"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280701295453","article-title":"\u201cFilling-in\u201d colour in natural scenes","volume":"15","author":"Balas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2006.01.003","article-title":"Change blindness blindness: Beliefs about the roles of intention and scene complexity in change detection","volume":"16","author":"Beck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1997.tb00072.x","article-title":"Efficiency of the Ishihara test for identifying red-green colour deficiency","volume":"17","author":"Birch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Opthalmic and Physiological Optics"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.001","article-title":"Perceptual consciousness overflows cognitive access","volume":"15","author":"Block","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.04.012","article-title":"Visual attention: The past 25 years","volume":"51","author":"Carrasco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1068\/i0436","article-title":"You do not talk about Fight Club if you do not notice Fight Club: Inattentional blindness for a simulated real-world assault","volume":"2","author":"Chabris","year":"2011","journal-title":"I-Perception"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512144113","article-title":"Reconstructing representations of dynamic visual objects in early visual cortex","volume":"113","author":"Chong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib9","first-page":"2","article-title":"Visual attention","volume-title":"Blackwell handbook of perception","author":"Chun","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024070315303507200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12000477","article-title":"Whatever next? 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