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According to the cortical disconnection hypothesis, age-related changes in the microstructural integrity of white matter may disrupt inter-regional neuronal communication, which in turn can impair behavioral performance. Here, we use fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to determine whether age-related differences in white matter microstructure contribute to frontoparietal over-recruitment and behavioral performance during a response inhibition (go\/no-go) task in an adult life span sample (n = 145). Older and female participants were slower (go RTs) than younger and male participants, respectively. However, participants across all ages were equally accurate on the no-go trials, suggesting some participants may slow down on go trials to achieve high accuracy on no-go trials. Across the life span, functional recruitment of the frontoparietal network within the left and right hemispheres did not vary as a function of age, nor was it related to white matter fractional anisotropy (FA). In fact, only frontal FA and go RTs jointly mediated the association between age and no-go accuracy. Our results therefore suggest that frontal white matter cortical \u201cdisconnection\u201d is an underlying driver of age-related differences in cognitive control, and white matter FA may not fully explain functional task-related activation in the frontoparietal network during the go\/no-go task. Our findings add to the literature by demonstrating that white matter may be more important for certain cognitive processes in aging than task-related functional activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T20:31:48Z","timestamp":1712349108000},"page":"1184-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-related Differences in Response Inhibition Are Mediated by Frontoparietal White Matter but Not Functional Activity"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-2377","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shireen","family":"Parimoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"},{"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, 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