{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:41:40Z","timestamp":1777358500268,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH064498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH064498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH131678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH131678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ability to prioritize among contents in working memory (WM) is critical for successful control of thought and behavior. Recent work has demonstrated that prioritization in WM can be implemented by representing different states of priority in different representational formats. Here, we explored the mechanisms underlying WM prioritization by simulating the double serial retrocuing task with recurrent neural networks. Visualization of stimulus representational dynamics using principal component analysis revealed that the network represented trial context (order of presentation) and priority via different mechanisms. Ordinal context, a stable property lasting the duration of the trial, was accomplished by segregating representations into orthogonal subspaces. Priority, which changed multiple times during a trial, was accomplished by separating representations into different strata within each subspace. We assessed the generality of these mechanisms by applying dimensionality reduction and multiclass decoding to fMRI and EEG data sets and found that priority and context are represented differently along the dorsal visual stream and that behavioral performance is sensitive to trial-by-trial variability of priority coding, but not context coding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T12:50:26Z","timestamp":1714395026000},"page":"1374-1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Representing Context and Priority in Working Memory"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Quan","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Ardalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Fulvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}]},{"given":"Bradley R.","family":"Postle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0430-20.2020","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0430-20.2020","article-title":"The role of location-context binding in nonspatial visual working memory","volume":"7","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2111.01275","article-title":"Recurrent neural network models for working memory of continuous variables: Activity manifolds, connectivity patterns, and dynamic codes","author":"Cueva","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2020.1743631","article-title":"Effective dimensionality: A tutorial","volume":"56","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention","volume":"18","author":"Desimone","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"The design and operation of cloudlab","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC)","author":"Duplyakin","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.98","article-title":"Cognitive control, not time, determines the status of items in working memory","volume":"3","author":"Fulvio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8821","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad164","article-title":"Strategic control of location and ordinal context in visual working memory","volume":"33","author":"Fulvio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2747-17.2018","article-title":"Parietal-occipital interactions underlying control- and representation-related processes in working memory for nonspatial visual features","volume":"38","author":"Gosseries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1412.6980","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10989","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10989","article-title":"Demixed principal component analysis of neural population data","volume":"5","author":"Kobak","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2024061416410657100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00005","article-title":"Multiple neural states of representation in short-term memory? 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