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The etiology of these difficulties remains elusive, which prevents the development of new strategies to optimize the speech processing network and reduce these difficulties. The objective of this study was to determine if sublexical SPiN performance can be enhanced by applying TMS to three regions involved in processing speech: the left posterior temporal sulcus, the left superior temporal gyrus, and the left ventral premotor cortex. The second objective was to assess the impact of several factors (age, baseline performance, target, brain structure, and activity) on post-TMS SPiN improvement. The results revealed that participants with lower baseline performance were more likely to improve. Moreover, in older adults, cortical thickness within the target areas was negatively associated with performance improvement, whereas this association was null in younger individuals. No differences between the targets were found. This study suggests that TMS can modulate sublexical SPiN performance, but that the strength and direction of the effects depend on a complex combination of contextual and individual factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T13:49:59Z","timestamp":1721310599000},"page":"2184-2207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing the Impact of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Speech Perception in Noise"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Brisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche CERVO, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche CERVO, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024090913402580200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.11.036","article-title":"Age-related differences in default-mode network connectivity in response to intermittent theta-burst stimulation and its relationships with maintained cognition and brain integrity in healthy aging","volume":"188","author":"Abellaneda-P\u00e9rez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024090913402580200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802301142","article-title":"Are individual differences in speech reception related to individual differences in cognitive ability? 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