{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:29:23Z","timestamp":1774031363736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ungerleider and Mishkin, in their influential work that relied on detailed anatomical and ablation studies, suggested that visual information is processed along two distinct pathways: the dorsal \u201cwhere\u201d pathway, primarily responsible for spatial vision, and the ventral \u201cwhat\u201d pathway, dedicated to object vision. This strict division of labor has faced challenges in light of compelling evidence revealing robust shape and object selectivity within the putative \u201cwhere\u201d pathway. This article reviews evidence that supports the presence of shape selectivity in the dorsal pathway. A comparative examination of dorsal and ventral object representations in terms of invariance, task dependency, and representational content reveals similarities and differences between the two pathways. Both exhibit some level of tolerance to image transformations and are influenced by tasks, but responses in the dorsal pathway show weaker tolerance and stronger task modulations than those in the ventral pathway. Furthermore, an examination of their representational content highlights a divergence between the responses in the two pathways, suggesting that they are sensitive to distinct features of objects. Collectively, these findings suggest that two networks exist in the human brain for processing object shapes, one in the dorsal and another in the ventral visual cortex. These studies lay the foundation for future research aimed at revealing the precise roles the two \u201cwhat\u201d networks play in our ability to understand and interact with objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T16:42:28Z","timestamp":1722962548000},"page":"2584-2593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Two \u201cWhat\u201d Networks in the Human Brain"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-2501","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maryam","family":"Vaziri-Pashkam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain 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