{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:42:03Z","timestamp":1780450923498,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["262762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["314925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Anticipating events and focusing attention accordingly are crucial for navigating our dynamic environment. Rhythmic patterns of sensory input offer valuable cues for temporal expectations and facilitate perceptual processing. Rhythm-based temporal expectations may rely on oscillatory entrainment, where neural activity and perceptual sensitivity synchronize with periodic stimuli. However, whether entrainment models can account for aperiodic predictable rhythms remains unclear. Our study aimed to delineate the distinct roles of predictability and periodicity in rhythm-based expectations. Participants performed a pitch-identification task preceded by periodic predictable, aperiodic predictable, or aperiodic unpredictable temporal sequences. By manipulating the temporal position of the target sound, we observed how auditory perceptual performance was modulated by the target position's relative phase relationship to the preceding sequences. Results revealed a significant performance advantage for predictable sequences, both periodic and aperiodic, compared with unpredictable ones. However, only the periodic sequence induced an entrained modulation pattern, with performance peaking in synchrony with the inherent sequence continuation. Event-related brain potentials corroborated these findings. The target-evoked P3b, possibly a neural marker of attention allocation, mirrored the behavioral performance patterns. This supports our hypothesis that temporal attention guided by rhythm-based expectations modulates perceptual performance. Furthermore, the predictive sequences were associated with enhanced target-preceding negativity (akin to the contingent negative variation), indicating enhanced target preparation. The periodic-specific modulation likely reflects more precise temporal expectations, potentially involving neural entrainment and\/or more focused attention. Our findings suggest that predictability and periodicity influence perception through distinct mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1729534133000},"page":"555-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Rhythm-based Temporal Expectations: Unique Contributions of Predictability and Periodicity"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Solli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Danielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Leske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo"},{"name":"Helgeland Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro O.","family":"Blenkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith B.","family":"Doelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Kristin","family":"Solbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo"},{"name":"Helgeland Hospital"},{"name":"Oslo University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Endestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo"},{"name":"Helgeland Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16032","article-title":"Mechanisms of sustained perceptual entrainment after stimulus offset","volume":"59","author":"Aharoni","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15405","article-title":"Temporal prediction elicits rhythmic preactivation of relevant sensory cortices","volume":"55","author":"Barne","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.2000.0738","article-title":"Expectancy, attention, and time","volume":"41","author":"Barnes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.04.032","article-title":"The auditory dynamic attending theory revisited: A closer look at the pitch comparison task","volume":"1626","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001570","article-title":"Auditory cortex supports verbal working memory capacity","volume":"32","author":"Bidelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1932.103.1.213","article-title":"Cyclic changes in excitability of the optic pathway of the rabbit","volume":"103","author":"Bishop","year":"1932","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content"},{"key":"2025022819515173600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.344","article-title":"What is a rhythm for the brain? 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