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Here, we used this FPVS-EEG approach to evaluate suitable and optimal stimulation frequency rates for prelexical and lexical word-selective responses and relate these rates to typical reading speed and interindividual variability in reading performance. EEG was recorded in 41 healthy adults who viewed words inserted periodically (1 Hz) at four different stimulation frequency rates (4 Hz, 6 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz). At all these stimulation rates but the highest (20 Hz), we found typical left-lateralized, word-selective, occipitotemporal responses, larger for the prelexical (words in nonwords) than lexical (words in pseudowords) contrast. Although significant responses were found at all frequency rates, these responses were negligible at 20 Hz, without any evidence of left lateralization at this frequency. The largest occipitotemporal response was found at a 4 Hz base rate in both hemispheres for the prelexical contrast, with increased left lateralization for the lexical discrimination. Moreover, word-selective responses for this discrimination (lexical), only at 4 Hz, were related to reading speed. The optimal 4 Hz rate finding is in line with the mean reading speed for expert readers as assessed during text reading. Overall, these findings further validate and optimize the FPVS-EEG approach for rapid implicit measurement of word-selective neural responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T14:51:29Z","timestamp":1736434289000},"page":"988-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optimal Word Reading Rate as Evidenced by Frequency-tagging Electrophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Marion","family":"Marchive","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Rossion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine"},{"name":"CHRU de Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliette","family":"Lochy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg"},{"name":"UCLouvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040708504015900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602798","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.602798","article-title":"Word detection in individual subjects is difficult to probe with fast periodic visual stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Barnes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040708504015900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2011.21615","article-title":"The development of cortical sensitivity to visual word forms","volume":"23","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040708504015900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904402107","article-title":"Brain sensitivity to print emerges when children learn letter-speech sound correspondences","volume":"107","author":"Brem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025040708504015900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18728","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75111-8","article-title":"Visual word form processing deficits driven by severity of reading impairments in children with developmental dyslexia","volume":"10","author":"Brem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025040708504015900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024696101081","article-title":"The underlying factors of word reading rate","volume":"15","author":"Breznitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"2025040708504015900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2019.104047","article-title":"How many words do we read per minute? 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