{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T07:57:46Z","timestamp":1777190266924,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 grant 100121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 grant 100121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32 grant 095586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32 grant 095586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Discovery grant RGPIN-04933-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery grant RGPIN-04933-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JELF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JELF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Research Fund","award":["36876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["36876"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adults are capable of either differentiating or integrating similar events in memory based on which representations are optimal for a given situation. Yet how children represent related memories remains unknown. Here, children (7\u201310 years old) and adults formed memories for separate yet overlapping events. We then measured how successfully remembered events were represented and reinstated using fMRI. We found that children formed differentiated representations in the hippocampus\u2014such that related events were stored as less similar to one another compared with unrelated events. Conversely, adults formed integrated representations, wherein related events were stored as more similar, including in medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, hippocampal differentiation among children and medial prefrontal cortex integration among adults tracked neocortical reinstatement of the specific features associated with the individual events. Together, these findings reveal that the same memory behaviors are supported by different underlying representations across development. Specifically, whereas differentiation underlies memory organization and retrieval in childhood, integration exhibits a protracted developmental trajectory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T13:52:27Z","timestamp":1736517147000},"page":"853-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differentiation of Related Events in Hippocampus Supports Memory Reinstatement in Development"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Varga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah E.","family":"Roome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Molitor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-529X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Hipskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison R.","family":"Preston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Austin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-8870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margaret L.","family":"Schlichting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13371","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13371","article-title":"Learning strategy differentially impacts memory connections in children and adults","volume":"26","author":"Abolghasem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib2","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Cheklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","article-title":"A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration","volume":"54","author":"Avants","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0251-18.2018","article-title":"Representation of real-world event schemas during narrative perception","volume":"38","author":"Baldassano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.lme4","volume-title":"lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using \u2018Eigen\u2019 and S4","author":"Bates","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000996","article-title":"Integration of memory content in adults and children: Developmental differences in task conditions and functional consequences","volume":"150","author":"Bauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.12.009","article-title":"Relations between neural structures and children's self-derivation of new knowledge through memory integration","volume":"36","author":"Bauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12584","article-title":"Realizing relevance: The influence of domain-specific information on generation of new knowledge through integration in 4- to 8-year-old children","volume":"88","author":"Bauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.05.012","article-title":"Going beyond the facts: Young children extend knowledge by integrating episodes","volume":"107","author":"Bauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0073-7","article-title":"Electrophysiological indices of emotion processing during retrieval of autobiographical memories by school-age children","volume":"12","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmac.2017.01.006","article-title":"Similarity and deviation in event segmentation and memory integration: Commentary on Richmond, Gold, & Zacks","volume":"6","author":"Bauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/15248372.2013.849707","article-title":"Semantic elaboration through integration: Hints both facilitate and inform the process","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition and Development"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18364-1","article-title":"Prior knowledge promotes hippocampal separation but cortical assimilation in the left inferior frontal gyrus","volume":"11","author":"Bein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147991","article-title":"Children show adult-like hippocampal pattern similarity for familiar but not novel events","volume":"1791","author":"Benear","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09571-9","article-title":"Generative learning: Which strategies for what age?","volume":"33","author":"Brod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12475","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12475","article-title":"Neural activation patterns during retrieval of schema-related memories: Differences and commonalities between children and adults","volume":"20","author":"Brod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz186","article-title":"Development of hippocampal\u2013prefrontal cortex interactions through adolescence","volume":"30","author":"Calabro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1738-20.2020","article-title":"Age-related increases in posterior hippocampal granularity are associated with remote detailed episodic memory in development","volume":"41","author":"Callaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7817","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0659-16.2016","article-title":"A probability distribution over latent causes, in the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"36","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.06.057","article-title":"Overlap among spatial memories triggers repulsion of hippocampal representations","volume":"27","author":"Chanales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.010","article-title":"Representational similarity precedes category selectivity in the developing ventral visual pathway","volume":"197","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4138","article-title":"Memory hierarchies map onto the hippocampal long axis in humans","volume":"18","author":"Collin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014","article-title":"AFNI: Software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages","volume":"29","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computers and Biomedical Research"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000051","article-title":"The cost of learning: Interference effects in memory development","volume":"144","author":"Darby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.08.004","article-title":"Developmental differences in hippocampal and cortical contributions to episodic retrieval","volume":"49","author":"DeMaster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib26","volume-title":"The SCL-90 Manual I: Administration, scoring and procedures","author":"Derogatis","year":"1977"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.050","article-title":"Neural specificity of scene representations is related to memory performance in childhood","volume":"199","author":"Fandakova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7582","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703079114","article-title":"Changes in ventromedial prefrontal and insular cortex support the development of metamemory from childhood into adolescence","volume":"114","author":"Fandakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11066","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11066","article-title":"Experience-dependent hippocampal pattern differentiation prevents interference during subsequent learning","volume":"7","author":"Favila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib31","volume-title":"An R companion to applied regression","author":"Fox","year":"2011","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2012.05.002","article-title":"Neural changes underlying the development of episodic memory during middle childhood","volume":"2","author":"Ghetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402680101","article-title":"Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood","volume":"101","author":"Gogtay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv314","article-title":"Experience shapes the development of neural substrates of face processing in human ventral temporal cortex","volume":"27","author":"Golarai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.09.080.2009","article-title":"Differential development of the ventral visual cortex extends through adolescence","volume":"3","author":"Golarai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht194","article-title":"Cortical reinstatement mediates the relationship between content-specific encoding activity and subsequent recollection decisions","volume":"24","author":"Gordon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060","article-title":"Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration","volume":"48","author":"Greve","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2008.11.006","article-title":"Brain potentials during affective picture processing in children","volume":"80","author":"Hajcak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.11.003.2009","article-title":"PyMVPA: A unifying approach to the analysis of neuroscientific data","volume":"3","author":"Hanke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4284","article-title":"Linking pattern completion in the hippocampus to predictive coding in visual cortex","volume":"19","author":"Hindy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1006\/drev.1996.0428","article-title":"What children's memories tell us about recalling our childhoods: A review of storage and retrieval processes in the development of long-term retention","volume":"17","author":"Howe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu284","article-title":"Neural differentiation tracks improved recall of competing memories following interleaved study and retrieval practice","volume":"25","author":"Hulbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(86)90040-5","article-title":"From meta-processes to conscious access: Evidence from children's metalinguistic and repair data","volume":"23","author":"Karmiloff-Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23405","article-title":"Contextual features in the developing hippocampus: A representational similarity analysis","volume":"32","author":"Kazemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.05.004","article-title":"Hippocampal maturation drives memory from generalization to specificity","volume":"22","author":"Keresztes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.06.004.2008","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis\u2014Connecting the branches of systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8051","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4328-13.2014","article-title":"Successful remembering elicits event-specific activity patterns in lateral parietal cortex","volume":"34","author":"Kuhl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028681","article-title":"Generalization through the recurrent interaction of episodic memories: A model of the hippocampal system","volume":"119","author":"Kumaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4286-15.2016","article-title":"Reconstructing perceived and retrieved faces from activity patterns in lateral parietal cortex","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.12.015","article-title":"Decisions about the past are guided by reinstatement of specific memories in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex","volume":"127","author":"Mack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1971.0078","article-title":"Simple memory: A theory for archicortex","volume":"262","author":"Marr","year":"1971","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.02.025","article-title":"Prolonged functional development of the parahippocampal place area and occipital place area","volume":"191","author":"Meissner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s40167-013-0011-3","article-title":"Cross-cultural differences in memory specificity","volume":"1","author":"Millar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Culture and Brain"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0394-20.2020","article-title":"Memory reactivation during learning simultaneously promotes dentate gyrus\/CA2,3 pattern differentiation and CA1 memory integration","volume":"41","author":"Molitor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29338","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912338117","article-title":"Representations of common event structure in medial temporal lobe and frontoparietal cortex support efficient inference","volume":"117","author":"Morton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2034-19.2021","article-title":"Semantic knowledge of famous people and places is represented in hippocampus and distinct cortical networks","volume":"41","author":"Morton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.076","article-title":"Deconvolving BOLD activation in event-related designs for multivoxel pattern classification analyses","volume":"59","author":"Mumford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.034","article-title":"The role of experience in adolescent cognitive development: Integration of executive, memory, and mesolimbic systems","volume":"70","author":"Murty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12556","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12556","article-title":"The ontogeny of relational memory and pattern separation","volume":"21","author":"Ngo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.110.4.611","article-title":"Modeling hippocampal and neocortical contributions to recognition memory: A complementary-learning-systems approach","volume":"110","author":"Norman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.07.005","article-title":"Beyond mind-reading: Multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data","volume":"10","author":"Norman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1950","article-title":"Development of the declarative memory system in the human brain","volume":"10","author":"Ofen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10609","article-title":"Architectonic subdivision of the human orbital and medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"460","author":"\u00d6ng\u00fcr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11772","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1242-09.2009","article-title":"Heterogeneity in subcortical brain development: A structural magnetic resonance imaging study of brain maturation from 8 to 30 years","volume":"29","author":"\u00d8stby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018","article-title":"Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion","volume":"59","author":"Power","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.05.041","article-title":"Interplay of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in memory","volume":"23","author":"Preston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01864","article-title":"Representations of temporal community structure in hippocampus and precuneus predict inductive reasoning decisions","volume":"34","author":"Pudhiyidath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3788","article-title":"Hippocampal\u2013neocortical functional reorganization underlies children's cognitive development","volume":"17","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.85.2.59","article-title":"A theory of memory retrieval","volume":"85","author":"Ratcliff","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2011.07.004","article-title":"Dual processes in decision making and developmental neuroscience: A fuzzy-trace model","volume":"31","author":"Reyna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.08.051","article-title":"Predicting the integration of overlapping memories by decoding mnemonic processing states during learning","volume":"124","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033622","article-title":"Longitudinal investigation of source memory reveals different developmental trajectories for item memory and binding","volume":"50","author":"Riggins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs258","article-title":"Neural similarity between encoding and retrieval is related to memory via hippocampal interactions","volume":"23","author":"Ritchey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP88608","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.88608","article-title":"A neural network model of differentiation and integration of competing memories","volume":"12","author":"Ritvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.047142.117","article-title":"Development of mnemonic discrimination during childhood","volume":"25","author":"Rollins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12583","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12583","article-title":"Age-related differences in subjective recollection: ERP studies of encoding and retrieval","volume":"21","author":"Rollins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.01.003","article-title":"Age- and performance-related differences in hippocampal contributions to episodic retrieval","volume":"19","author":"Sastre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2007.00595.x","article-title":"Visual category-selectivity for faces, places and objects emerges along different developmental trajectories","volume":"10","author":"Scherf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01206-5","article-title":"Developmental differences in memory reactivation relate to encoding and inference in the human brain","volume":"6","author":"Schlichting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01028","article-title":"Hippocampal structure predicts statistical learning and associative inference abilities during development","volume":"29","author":"Schlichting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8151","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9151","article-title":"Learning-related representational changes reveal dissociable integration and separation signatures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex","volume":"6","author":"Schlichting","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15845","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404396111","article-title":"Memory reactivation during rest supports upcoming learning of related content","volume":"111","author":"Schlichting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2014.07.005","article-title":"Memory integration: Neural mechanisms and implications for behavior","volume":"1","author":"Schlichting","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.11.005","article-title":"Hippocampal\u2013medial prefrontal circuit supports memory updating during learning and post-encoding rest","volume":"134","author":"Schlichting","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.08.019","article-title":"Human orbitofrontal cortex represents a cognitive map of state space","volume":"91","author":"Schuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0215848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215848","article-title":"Integrating across memory episodes: Developmental trends","volume":"14","author":"Shing","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.044","article-title":"Developmental stages and sex differences of white matter and behavioral development through adolescence: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study","volume":"92","author":"Simmonds","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00434","article-title":"Longitudinal working memory development is related to structural maturation of frontal and parietal cortices","volume":"25","author":"Tamnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55335","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.55335","article-title":"Hippocampal and cortical mechanisms at retrieval explain variability in episodic remembering in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Trelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr198","article-title":"Striatum\u2013medial prefrontal cortex connectivity predicts developmental changes in reinforcement learning","volume":"22","author":"van den Bos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00630","article-title":"Building on prior knowledge: Schema-dependent encoding processes relate to academic performance","volume":"26","author":"van Kesteren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.01.008","article-title":"Effects of delays on 6-year-old children's self-generation and retention of knowledge through integration","volume":"115","author":"Varga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000581","article-title":"Cognitive correlates of memory integration across development: Explaining variability in an educationally relevant phenomenon","volume":"148","author":"Varga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118600","article-title":"Delta-modulated cortical alpha oscillations support new knowledge generation through memory integration","volume":"244","author":"Varga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190917982.013.47","article-title":"Schema, inference, and memory","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of human memory: Foundations and applications","author":"Varga","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.004","article-title":"Memory retrieval and the parietal cortex: A review of evidence from a dual-process perspective","volume":"46","author":"Vilberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t15171-000","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II)","author":"Wechsler","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2013.00014","article-title":"HDDM: Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of the drift-diffusion model in Python","volume":"7","author":"Wiecki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.56","article-title":"Over the river, through the woods: Cognitive maps in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"17","author":"Wikenheiser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-021-01155-4","article-title":"Prompt-facilitated learning: The development of unprompted memory integration and subsequent self-derivation","volume":"49","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","article-title":"Permutation inference for the general linear model","volume":"92","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.058","article-title":"Cluster-extent based thresholding in fMRI analyses: Pitfalls and recommendations","volume":"91","author":"Woo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193125","article-title":"Greater neural pattern similarity across repetitions is associated with better memory","volume":"330","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.05.010","article-title":"Hippocampal and ventral medial prefrontal activation during retrieval-mediated learning supports novel inference","volume":"75","author":"Zeithamova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01116","article-title":"Temporal proximity promotes integration of overlapping events","volume":"29","author":"Zeithamova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025031809162441000_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32210-6","article-title":"Evidence accumulation occurs locally in the parietal cortex","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/37\/4\/853\/2497211\/jocn_a_02299.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/37\/4\/853\/2497211\/jocn_a_02299.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T09:16:38Z","timestamp":1742289398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/37\/4\/853\/127452\/Differentiation-of-Related-Events-in-Hippocampus"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_02299","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.05.25.541743","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}