{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T20:01:48Z","timestamp":1765742508495,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE220100739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE220100739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>When we move our articulator organs to produce overt speech, the brain generates a corollary discharge that acts to suppress the neural and perceptual responses to our speech sounds. Recent research shows that inner speech\u2014the silent production of words in one's mind\u2014is accompanied by a corollary discharge that contains information about the timing and content of inner speech. The aim of the present study was to determine whether this corollary discharge contains information about the volume of inner speech. To investigate this, participants watched an animation that provided them with precise knowledge about when they should produce a \u201cloud\u201d or \u201cquiet\u201d inner sound. At the same time, they heard an audible sound that was either similar or dissimilar to the volume of the inner sound. We found that producing the inner sound attenuated the N1\u2014an ERP signature of auditory processing\u2014and enhanced the slow negative wave\u2014an ERP signature of anticipation and motor preparation\u2014compared with listening, regardless of whether the volume of the inner sound was similar or dissimilar to the audible sound. We also found that the volume of the inner sound did not differentially modulate the N1 or slow negative wave. We speculate that this might be because one of the functions of corollary discharge is to protect our auditory receptors from desensitization caused by audible sounds, and this might be redundant in the context of inner speech because inner speech does not produce an audible sound. We conclude that there might be a functional difference between the neural processes that underlie the production of inner and overt speech.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T17:18:31Z","timestamp":1741886311000},"page":"1521-1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Do Corollary Discharges Contain Information About the Volume of Inner Speech? An ERP Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Berryman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National University"},{"name":"Monash University"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Whitford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales"}]},{"given":"Mike E.","family":"Le Pelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales"}]},{"given":"Bradley N.","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National University"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000021","article-title":"Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology","volume":"141","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2018.07.001","article-title":"The Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire\u2013Revised (VISQ-R): Replicating and refining links between inner speech and psychopathology","volume":"65","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13021","article-title":"Skilled reaching relies on a V2a propriospinal internal copy circuit","volume":"508","author":"Azim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2011.01196.x","article-title":"Selective suppression of self-initiated sounds in an auditory stream: An ERP study","volume":"48","author":"Baess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2173513","article-title":"Vocal responses to unanticipated perturbations in voice loudness feedback: An automatic mechanism for stabilizing voice amplitude","volume":"119","author":"Bauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.04.022","article-title":"Vocalization-induced enhancement of the auditory cortex responsiveness during voice F0 feedback perturbation","volume":"120","author":"Behroozmand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-54","article-title":"Error-dependent modulation of speech-induced auditory suppression for pitch-shifted voice feedback","volume":"12","author":"Behroozmand","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21447","article-title":"Time-dependent neural processing of auditory feedback during voice pitch error detection","volume":"23","author":"Behroozmand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.01.040","article-title":"A temporal predictive code for voice motor control: Evidence from ERP and behavioral responses to pitch-shifted auditory feedback","volume":"1636","author":"Behroozmand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2025073013460076300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(94)00226-5","article-title":"Mental representations of movements. 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